ECAMPUS.COM Textbooks - Cheap Textbooks - Textbook Rental | eCampus.com

  1. Homepage
  2. ecampus.com

ecampus.com website information.

ecampus.com domain name is registered by .COM top-level domain registry. See the other sites registred in .COM domain zone.

Following name servers are specified for ecampus.com domain:

  • a10-67.akam.net
  • a6-66.akam.net
  • a9-67.akam.net
  • a1-12.akam.net
  • a13-64.akam.net
  • a16-65.akam.net

and probably website ecampus.com is hosted by AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US web hosting company. Check the complete list of other most popular websites hosted by AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US hosting company.

According to Alexa traffic rank the highest website ecampus.com position was 38855 (in the world). The lowest Alexa rank position was 123662. Now website ecampus.com ranked in Alexa database as number 53720 (in the world).

Website ecampus.com Desktop speed measurement score (71/100) is better than the results of 52.66% of other sites shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.

ecampus.com Mobile usability score (89/100) is better than the results of 31.01% of other sites and means that the page is mobile-friendly.

Mobile speed measurement score of ecampus.com (45/100) is better than the results of 25.64% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.

Weekly Rank Report

DateRankChange
Nov-20-2024 53,720196
Nov-19-2024 53,916-708
Nov-18-2024 53,208384
Nov-17-2024 53,59257
Nov-16-2024 53,649-245
Nov-15-2024 53,40480
Nov-14-2024 53,48474

Advertisement

ecampus.com Rank History

Alexa can identify the popularity of a website as well as its competitors. It is important for website owners and bloggers to know their Alexa ranking because it shows how many visitors have viewed their web page. It gives them a clear idea of how popular their website is on the internet and the ranking of their competitors.


ecampus.com whois

WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information.

Domain Name: ECAMPUS.COM
Registry Domain ID: 5407891_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.networksolutions.com
Registrar URL: http://networksolutions.com
Updated Date: 2018-01-29T15:06:42Z
Creation Date: 1999-03-01T05:00:00Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2027-03-01T05:00:00Z
Registrar: Network Solutions, LLC
Registrar IANA ID: 2
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: domain.operations@web.com
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +1.8777228662
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Name Server: A1-12.AKAM.NET
Name Server: A10-67.AKAM.NET
Name Server: A13-64.AKAM.NET
Name Server: A16-65.AKAM.NET
Name Server: A6-66.AKAM.NET
Name Server: A9-67.AKAM.NET
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of whois database: 2024-09-22T11:31:28Z

ecampus.com server information

Servers Location

IP Address
35.193.223.105
Country
United States
Region
California
City
Mountain View

ecampus.com desktop page speed rank

Last tested: 2016-11-20

Desktop Speed Medium
71/100

ecampus.com Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary


priority - 19 Leverage browser caching

Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.

Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:

http://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/Midt…age-Banner-1920x83.png (expiration not specified)
http://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/home…Hero_1920x425_v1.4.png (expiration not specified)
http://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/resp…epage-670x300_v1.1.png (expiration not specified)
http://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/resp…epage-670x300_v1.2.png (expiration not specified)
http://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/responsive/IconsSocial.png (expiration not specified)
http://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/resp…ifyingGlass16-blue.png (expiration not specified)
https://static.ads-twitter.com/oct.js (expiration not specified)
http://js.bronto.com/js/4da57023657c5580de3b3b283c…f0e85dbf9167/config.js (60 seconds)
http://js.bronto.com/c/7s9nt4toglwunlsz18ci0d1paf3…0e85dbf9167/s/b.min.js (5 minutes)
http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js (20 minutes)
http://cdn.tt.omtrdc.net/cdn/target.js (60 minutes)
http://script.crazyegg.com/pages/scripts/0025/7353.js?411012 (60 minutes)
http://www.google-analytics.com/ga.js (2 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/load-content.js (8.2 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jsScroller.js (8.7 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/kooltip.js (8.8 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/bootstrap.min.js (11.1 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery-1.10.2.min.js (11.1 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/s_code.js (11.1 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/TealeafSDKConfig.js (11.1 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/TealeafSDK.js (11.2 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/css/mainNew_927201682.css (12.5 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/general.js (12.5 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/css/bootstrap.min.css (12.5 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery.colorbox-min.js (12.5 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/magnific.js (12.5 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/qTip.js (12.5 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/footer.js (12.5 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/css/magnific.css (12.5 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/mbox.js (12.6 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/css/normalize.css (12.6 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery-ui-1.10.4.custom.min.js (12.6 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery.tools.min.1.2.7.js (12.7 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery.autocomplete.custom.js?v=iso (12.7 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/swfobject.js (12.7 hours)
http://www.ecampus.com/include/css/main2New_11142016108.css (21.8 hours)
http://images.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/american-express.png (24.5 hours)
http://images.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/master-card.png (2.7 days)
http://www.ecampus.com/fonts/fsalbertbold-webfont.woff (3.4 days)
http://www.ecampus.com/fonts/fsalbertlight-webfont.woff (4.3 days)
http://images.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/discover.png (5.7 days)
http://images.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/respo…okGuarantee_586x44.png (6.5 days)
http://images.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/respo…/eWardsLogo_237x88.png (6.5 days)

priority - 16 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content

Your page has 19 blocking script resources and 5 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.

None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.

Remove render-blocking JavaScript:

http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/swfobject.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/general.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery-1.10.2.min.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/bootstrap.min.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery.tools.min.1.2.7.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery.autocomplete.custom.js?v=iso
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery-ui-1.10.4.custom.min.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery.colorbox-min.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/kooltip.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/qTip.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/TealeafSDKConfig.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/TealeafSDK.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jsScroller.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/load-content.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/magnific.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/s_code.js
http://www.ecampus.com/include/mbox.js
http://cdn.tt.omtrdc.net/cdn/target.js
https://ecampus.tt.omtrdc.net/m2/ecampus/mbox/ajax…ferrer=&mboxVersion=61

Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:

http://www.ecampus.com/include/css/normalize.css
http://www.ecampus.com/include/css/bootstrap.min.css
http://www.ecampus.com/include/css/mainNew_927201682.css
http://www.ecampus.com/include/css/main2New_11142016108.css
http://www.ecampus.com/include/css/magnific.css

priority - 3 Optimize images

Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.

Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 26.3KiB (24% reduction).

Compressing http://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/Midt…age-Banner-1920x83.png could save 11.2KiB (19% reduction).
Compressing http://images.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/respo….comNavLogo_298x86.png could save 3.5KiB (20% reduction).
Compressing http://images.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/respo…/eWardsLogo_237x88.png could save 3.1KiB (26% reduction).
Compressing http://images.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/respo…okGuarantee_586x44.png could save 2.8KiB (44% reduction).
Compressing http://images.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/paypal-credit.png could save 1.3KiB (52% reduction).
Compressing http://images.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/paypal.png could save 1.2KiB (59% reduction).
Compressing http://images.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/master-card.png could save 1.1KiB (36% reduction).
Compressing http://images.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/visa.png could save 1KiB (46% reduction).
Compressing http://images.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/discover.png could save 1KiB (40% reduction).

priority - 2 Reduce server response time

In our test, your server responded in 0.37 seconds. There are many factors that can slow down your server response time. Please read our recommendations to learn how you can monitor and measure where your server is spending the most time.

priority - 1 Minify CSS

Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 5.9KiB (13% reduction).

Minifying http://www.ecampus.com/include/css/mainNew_927201682.css could save 4.7KiB (11% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.ecampus.com/include/css/normalize.css could save 1.2KiB (56% reduction) after compression.

priority - 0 Minify JavaScript

Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.

Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 4.1KiB (38% reduction).

Minifying http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/TealeafSDKConfig.js could save 2.5KiB (57% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery.autocomplete.custom.js?v=iso could save 1KiB (26% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.ecampus.com/include/js/general.js could save 564B (23% reduction) after compression.

priority - 0 Minify HTML

Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 3.1KiB (30% reduction).

Minifying http://www.ecampus.com/ could save 3.1KiB (30% reduction) after compression.

ecampus.com Desktop Resources

Total Resources88
Number of Hosts30
Static Resources53
JavaScript Resources29
CSS Resources5

ecampus.com Desktop Resource Breakdown

ecampus.com mobile page speed rank

Last tested: 2018-05-03

Mobile Speed Bad
45/100

ecampus.com Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary


priority - 72 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content

Your page has 19 blocking script resources and 5 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.

None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.

Remove render-blocking JavaScript:

https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/swfobject.js
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/general.js?v=2
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery-1.10.2.min.js
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/bootstrap.min.js
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery.tools.min.1.2.7.js
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery.autocomplete.custom.js?v=iso
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery-ui-1.10.4.custom.min.js
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery.colorbox-min.js
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/kooltip.js
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/qTip.js
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/TealeafSDKConfig.js
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/TealeafSDK.js
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jsScroller.js
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/load-content.js
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/magnific.js
https://www.ecampus.com/include/s_code.js
https://www.ecampus.com/include/mbox.js
https://cdn.tt.omtrdc.net/cdn/target.js
https://ecampus.tt.omtrdc.net/m2/ecampus/mbox/ajax…ferrer=&mboxVersion=61

Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:

https://www.ecampus.com/include/css/normalize.css
https://www.ecampus.com/include/css/bootstrap.min.css
https://www.ecampus.com/include/css/mainNew_22020181317.css
https://www.ecampus.com/include/css/main2New_22220181121.css
https://www.ecampus.com/include/css/magnific.css

priority - 26 Leverage browser caching

Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.

Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:

https://chat.ecampus.com/netagent/proactive/proactive.aspx (expiration not specified)
https://cdn.userreplay.net/cust88af0530ad76f39e5feb7c6e582b5d87_ct.js (60 seconds)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js (20 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/115477…2815?v=2.8.14&r=stable (20 minutes)
https://cdn.tt.omtrdc.net/cdn/target.js (60 minutes)
https://js.b1js.com/tagcontainer.js?id=a70973da530…212e1080a4f89bd&type=1 (60 minutes)
https://js.b1js.com/tags/a70973da530744e0b212e1080a4f89bd.js (60 minutes)
https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/conversion.js (60 minutes)
https://ssl.google-analytics.com/ga.js (2 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/css/normalize.css (2.5 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery.tools.min.1.2.7.js (3.3 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/s_code.js (3.4 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery-ui-1.10.4.custom.min.js (3.4 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jsScroller.js (3.5 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/footer.js (3.6 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/css/bootstrap.min.css (3.6 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/magnific.js (3.6 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/bootstrap.min.js (4.1 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/kooltip.js (4.7 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/TealeafSDKConfig.js (7.2 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery.colorbox-min.js (7.2 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/TealeafSDK.js (7.4 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery.autocomplete.custom.js?v=iso (7.9 hours)
https://chat.ecampus.com/netagent/client/unified/i…es2/portaldetection.js (8 hours)
https://chat.ecampus.com/netagent/client/unified/portalsettings.js (8 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/general.js?v=2 (8 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/css/main2New_22220181121.css (8.2 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/qTip.js (8.3 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/mbox.js (8.5 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/swfobject.js (8.8 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/load-content.js (20.3 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/css/mainNew_22020181317.css (21.4 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/css/magnific.css (21.6 hours)
https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery-1.10.2.min.js (21.8 hours)
https://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/res…okGuarantee_586x44.png (4.7 days)
https://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/res…/eWardsLogo_237x88.png (4.7 days)
https://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/res…epage-670x300_v1.2.png (4.7 days)
https://www.ecampus.com/fonts/fsalbertbold-webfont.woff (4.7 days)
https://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/hom…Hero-1920x600_v1.5.jpg (4.7 days)
https://www.ecampus.com/fonts/fsalbertlight-webfont.woff (5.5 days)

priority - 26 Avoid landing page redirects

Your page has 2 redirects. Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded.

Avoid landing page redirects for the following chain of redirected URLs.

http://ecampus.com/
http://www.ecampus.com/
https://www.ecampus.com/

priority - 7 Reduce server response time

In our test, your server responded in 0.42 seconds. There are many factors that can slow down your server response time. Please read our recommendations to learn how you can monitor and measure where your server is spending the most time.

priority - 2 Optimize images

Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.

Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 21.3KiB (20% reduction).

Compressing https://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/hom…Hero-1920x600_v1.5.jpg could save 20.8KiB (20% reduction).
Compressing https://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/responsive/mcAfee.png could save 202B (16% reduction).
Compressing https://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/res…ive/bbb-accredited.png could save 168B (13% reduction).
Compressing https://simages.ecampus.com/images/new-ecampus/paypal-credit.png could save 114B (14% reduction).

priority - 2 Minify JavaScript

Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.

Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 15KiB (38% reduction).

Minifying https://chat.ecampus.com/netagent/client/unified/i…es2/portaldetection.js could save 10.1KiB (38% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/TealeafSDKConfig.js could save 2.5KiB (57% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/jquery.autocomplete.custom.js?v=iso could save 1KiB (26% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/general.js?v=2 could save 597B (22% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/kooltip.js could save 271B (39% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/load-content.js could save 255B (39% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.ecampus.com/include/js/footer.js could save 252B (33% reduction) after compression.

priority - 1 Minify CSS

Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 6.4KiB (14% reduction).

Minifying https://www.ecampus.com/include/css/mainNew_22020181317.css could save 4.7KiB (11% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.ecampus.com/include/css/normalize.css could save 1.2KiB (56% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.ecampus.com/include/css/magnific.css could save 489B (19% reduction) after compression.

priority - 0 Minify HTML

Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 3.5KiB (32% reduction).

Minifying https://www.ecampus.com/ could save 3.5KiB (32% reduction) after compression.

priority - 0 Enable compression

Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.

Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 377B (50% reduction).

Compressing https://ecampus.tt.omtrdc.net/m2/ecampus/mbox/ajax…ferrer=&mboxVersion=61 could save 377B (50% reduction).

ecampus.com Mobile Resources

Total Resources97
Number of Hosts32
Static Resources57
JavaScript Resources35
CSS Resources5

ecampus.com Mobile Resource Breakdown

ecampus.com mobile page usability

Last tested: 2018-05-03

Mobile Usability Good
89/100

ecampus.com Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary


priority - 10 Size tap targets appropriately

Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.

The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.

The tap target <a href="/about-us">About Us</a> and 19 others are close to other tap targets.
The tap target <a href="https://twitte…/eCampusdotcom">Twitter</a> and 2 others are close to other tap targets.

ecampus.com similar domains

Similar domains:
www.ecampus.com
www.ecampus.net
www.ecampus.org
www.ecampus.info
www.ecampus.biz
www.ecampus.us
www.ecampus.mobi
www.campus.com
www.ecampus.com
www.wcampus.com
www.ewcampus.com
www.wecampus.com
www.scampus.com
www.escampus.com
www.secampus.com
www.dcampus.com
www.edcampus.com
www.decampus.com
www.rcampus.com
www.ercampus.com
www.recampus.com
www.eampus.com
www.exampus.com
www.ecxampus.com
www.excampus.com
www.edampus.com
www.ecdampus.com
www.efampus.com
www.ecfampus.com
www.efcampus.com
www.evampus.com
www.ecvampus.com
www.evcampus.com
www.ecmpus.com
www.ecqmpus.com
www.ecaqmpus.com
www.ecqampus.com
www.ecwmpus.com
www.ecawmpus.com
www.ecwampus.com
www.ecsmpus.com
www.ecasmpus.com
www.ecsampus.com
www.eczmpus.com
www.ecazmpus.com
www.eczampus.com
www.ecapus.com
www.ecanpus.com
www.ecamnpus.com
www.ecanmpus.com
www.ecajpus.com
www.ecamjpus.com
www.ecajmpus.com
www.ecakpus.com
www.ecamkpus.com
www.ecakmpus.com
www.ecamus.com
www.ecamous.com
www.ecampous.com
www.ecamopus.com
www.ecamlus.com
www.ecamplus.com
www.ecamlpus.com
www.ecamps.com
www.ecampys.com
www.ecampuys.com
www.ecampyus.com
www.ecamphs.com
www.ecampuhs.com
www.ecamphus.com
www.ecampjs.com
www.ecampujs.com
www.ecampjus.com
www.ecampis.com
www.ecampuis.com
www.ecampius.com
www.ecampu.com
www.ecampuw.com
www.ecampusw.com
www.ecampuws.com
www.ecampue.com
www.ecampuse.com
www.ecampues.com
www.ecampud.com
www.ecampusd.com
www.ecampuds.com
www.ecampuz.com
www.ecampusz.com
www.ecampuzs.com
www.ecampux.com
www.ecampusx.com
www.ecampuxs.com
www.ecampua.com
www.ecampusa.com
www.ecampuas.com
www.ecampus.con

ecampus.com Ping

Ping is a networking utility tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It is a diagnostic that checks reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. In a computer network, a ping test is a way of sending messages from one host to another. Aside from checking if the host is connected to a network, ping also gives indicators of the reliability and general speed of the connection.

ecampus.com TRACEROUTE

Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an IP network from source to destination. Traceroute also records the time taken for each hop the packet makes during its route to the destination. Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets with variable time to live values. The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop.