messika.com website information.
messika.com domain name is registered by .COM top-level domain registry. See the other sites registred in .COM domain zone.
Following name servers are specified for messika.com domain:
- ns-89-b.gandi.net
- ns-66-c.gandi.net
- ns-253-a.gandi.net
and probably website messika.com is hosted by AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US web hosting company. Check the complete list of other most popular websites hosted by AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US hosting company.
According to Alexa traffic rank the highest website messika.com position was 4896 (in the world). The lowest Alexa rank position was 999042. Now website messika.com ranked in Alexa database as number 204270 (in the world).
Website messika.com Desktop speed measurement score (36/100) is better than the results of 12% of other sites shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.
messika.com Mobile usability score (99/100) is better than the results of 79.46% of other sites and means that the page is mobile-friendly.
Mobile speed measurement score of messika.com (48/100) is better than the results of 30.32% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.
Weekly Rank Report
| Date | Rank | Change |
|---|---|---|
| Nov-17-2024 | 204,270 | 394 |
| Nov-16-2024 | 204,664 | 7,488 |
| Nov-15-2024 | 212,152 | -4,521 |
| Nov-14-2024 | 207,631 | -2,717 |
| Nov-13-2024 | 204,914 | 0 |
| Nov-12-2024 | 204,914 | 0 |
| Nov-11-2024 | 204,914 | 0 |
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messika.com Rank History
Alexa can identify the popularity of a website as well as its competitors. It is important for website owners and bloggers to know their Alexa ranking because it shows how many visitors have viewed their web page. It gives them a clear idea of how popular their website is on the internet and the ranking of their competitors.
messika.com whois
WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information.
Domain Name: MESSIKA.COM
Registry Domain ID: 1564994518_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.gandi.net
Registrar URL: http://www.gandi.net
Updated Date: 2021-07-08T15:43:24Z
Creation Date: 2009-08-08T18:36:15Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2022-08-08T18:36:15Z
Registrar: Gandi SAS
Registrar IANA ID: 81
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: abuse@support.gandi.net
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +33.170377661
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Name Server: NS-253-A.GANDI.NET
Name Server: NS-66-C.GANDI.NET
Name Server: NS-89-B.GANDI.NET
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of whois database: 2021-12-27T07:04:23Z
messika.com server information
messika.com desktop page speed rank
Last tested: 2015-11-27
Desktop Speed
Bad
36/100
messika.com Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary
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priority - 35 Leverage browser caching
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http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…y/thumbnail/kate_2.jpg (expiration not specified)
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http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…y/thumbnail/silk_0.png (expiration not specified)
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http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…humbnail/toi_moi_0.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/js/js_6…V7QVdgaOD6Is4LQsV5k.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/js/js_M…rqAC38MLLlkjqjQ1X_k.js (expiration not specified)
http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js?sensor=true (30 minutes)
http://www.google-analytics.com/ga.js (2 hours)
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/cs…rutigerLTStdLight.woff (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/cs…dernMTStdExtented.woff (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/cs…StdExtentedItalic.woff (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/images/blank.gif (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/images/sprite.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/app.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/jquery.masonry.min.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/modernizr-2.6.2.min.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/modernizr.customtests.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/vendors.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/me…_image/drop-menu-1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/me…_image/drop-menu-2.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/me…_image/drop-menu-3.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/css/css…txj4KsJss-MK7Pq-0U.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/css/css…cck7zzZqQ1NigWXqaE.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/css/css…24CoSih8SONnC4dL30.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/css/css…MqXdMiU84ekLLxQnc4.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/footer/thumb_9.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…ides/glam_site_2_1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…/slides/malgo_2016.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…es/malgo_2016_move.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…slides/maya_site_2.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…le/glam_mobile_2_1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…o_2016_glam_mobile.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…o_2016_move_mobile.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…maya_site_mobile_1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…ides/mobile/mobile.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…a_mobile2j_copie_1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…airesmessika_hd__0.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…/move_noa_site_2_0.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…ides/paysage-video.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…est2_copie_copie_0.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…nces_5495-vignette.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…humbnail/amazone_0.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…my/thumbnail/angel.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…humbnail/beattle_2.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…-oreilles_vignette.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…humbnail/butterfly.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…y/thumbnail/choker.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…/thumbnail/daria_0.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…omy/thumbnail/eden.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…humbnail/emerald_0.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…thumbnail/gatsby_0.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…thumbnail/heritage.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…my/thumbnail/joy_0.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…y/thumbnail/kate_2.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…nomy/thumbnail/liz.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…omy/thumbnail/maya.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…ail/move_classique.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…/move_joaillerie_0.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…omy/thumbnail/pear.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…pendentif_vignette.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…my/thumbnail/plume.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…bnail/princess_joy.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…humbnail/promess_0.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…humbnail/queen_v_2.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…humbnail/riviere_0.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…y/thumbnail/silk_0.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…thumbnail/skinny_0.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…ny_5757-vignette_0.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…/thumbnail/snake_0.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…humbnail/solitaire.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…olitaires_vignette.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…my/thumbnail/spiky.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/images/…humbnail/toi_moi_0.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/js/js_6…V7QVdgaOD6Is4LQsV5k.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/js/js_M…rqAC38MLLlkjqjQ1X_k.js (expiration not specified)
http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js?sensor=true (30 minutes)
http://www.google-analytics.com/ga.js (2 hours)
priority - 8 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 9 blocking script resources and 4 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/js/js_M…rqAC38MLLlkjqjQ1X_k.js
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/js/js_6…V7QVdgaOD6Is4LQsV5k.js
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/modernizr-2.6.2.min.js
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/modernizr.customtests.js
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/jquery.masonry.min.js
http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js
http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js?sensor=true
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/vendors.js
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/app.js
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/js/js_6…V7QVdgaOD6Is4LQsV5k.js
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/modernizr-2.6.2.min.js
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/modernizr.customtests.js
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/jquery.masonry.min.js
http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js
http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js?sensor=true
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/vendors.js
http://www.messika.com/sites/all/themes/messika/js/app.js
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/css/css…MqXdMiU84ekLLxQnc4.css
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/css/css…txj4KsJss-MK7Pq-0U.css
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/css/css…cck7zzZqQ1NigWXqaE.css
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/css/css…24CoSih8SONnC4dL30.css
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/css/css…txj4KsJss-MK7Pq-0U.css
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/css/css…cck7zzZqQ1NigWXqaE.css
http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/css/css…24CoSih8SONnC4dL30.css
priority - 2 Prioritize visible content
Your page requires additional network round trips to render the above-the-fold content. For best performance, reduce the amount of HTML needed to render above-the-fold content.
The entire HTML response was not sufficient to render the above-the-fold content. This usually indicates that additional resources, loaded after HTML parsing, were required to render above-the-fold content. Prioritize visible content that is needed for rendering above-the-fold by including it directly in the HTML response.
Only about 1% of the final above-the-fold content could be rendered with the full HTML response.
priority - 1 Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 4.4KiB (12% reduction).
Minifying http://www.messika.com/sites/default/files/js/js_M…rqAC38MLLlkjqjQ1X_k.js could save 4.4KiB (12% reduction) after compression.
priority - 0 Reduce server response time
In our test, your server responded in 0.22 seconds. There are many factors that can slow down your server response time. Please read our recommendations to learn how you can monitor and measure where your server is spending the most time.
priority - 0 Minify HTML
Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 568B (4% reduction).
Minifying http://www.messika.com/ could save 568B (4% reduction) after compression.
messika.com Desktop Resources
| Total Resources | 78 |
| Number of Hosts | 9 |
| Static Resources | 72 |
| JavaScript Resources | 13 |
| CSS Resources | 4 |
messika.com Desktop Resource Breakdown
messika.com mobile page speed rank
Last tested: 2019-09-07
Mobile Speed
Bad
48/100
messika.com Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 70 Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 686KiB (35% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/ultraslider/slid…9-mobile-slider-2-.jpg could save 120.9KiB (50% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/wysiwyg/homepage…-joaillerie-mobile.jpg could save 79.8KiB (42% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/wysiwyg/valerie-messika-homepage-.jpg could save 78.4KiB (29% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/ultraslider/slid…9-mobile-slider-1..jpg could save 74.5KiB (44% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/instagram/default/3.jpg could save 70.2KiB (31% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/instagram/default/1.jpg could save 62.1KiB (31% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/wysiwyg/homepage-haute-joaillerie.jpg could save 44.9KiB (25% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/catalog/category…bright-falcon-menu.jpg could save 36.7KiB (54% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/instagram/default/2.jpg could save 34.9KiB (26% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/catalog/category…iamond-spears-menu.jpg could save 27.8KiB (50% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/logo/default/logo-messika.jpg could save 22.6KiB (91% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/wysiwyg/messika-…ction-lucky-move-3.jpg could save 13KiB (14% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/wysiwyg/messika-…ction-lucky-move-1.jpg could save 10.3KiB (12% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/wysiwyg/la-maiso…ssika-la-feminite-.jpg could save 10KiB (30% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/wysiwyg/homepage…-joaillerie-mobile.jpg could save 79.8KiB (42% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/wysiwyg/valerie-messika-homepage-.jpg could save 78.4KiB (29% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/ultraslider/slid…9-mobile-slider-1..jpg could save 74.5KiB (44% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/instagram/default/3.jpg could save 70.2KiB (31% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/instagram/default/1.jpg could save 62.1KiB (31% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/wysiwyg/homepage-haute-joaillerie.jpg could save 44.9KiB (25% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/catalog/category…bright-falcon-menu.jpg could save 36.7KiB (54% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/instagram/default/2.jpg could save 34.9KiB (26% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/catalog/category…iamond-spears-menu.jpg could save 27.8KiB (50% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/logo/default/logo-messika.jpg could save 22.6KiB (91% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/wysiwyg/messika-…ction-lucky-move-3.jpg could save 13KiB (14% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/wysiwyg/messika-…ction-lucky-move-1.jpg could save 10.3KiB (12% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/media/wysiwyg/la-maiso…ssika-la-feminite-.jpg could save 10KiB (30% reduction).
priority - 32 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 1 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
https://messika.cdn-tech.io/static/version15639581…/mage/calendar.min.css
priority - 10 Avoid landing page redirects
Your page has 2 redirects. Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded.
Avoid landing page redirects for the following chain of redirected URLs.
http://messika.com/
https://www.messika.com/
https://www.messika.com/us_en
https://www.messika.com/
https://www.messika.com/us_en
priority - 6 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?onload=onl…llback&render=explicit (5 minutes)
https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api2/webworker.js?hl=en&v=v1565591531251 (5 minutes)
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=DC-6832756 (15 minutes)
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-NK89GRL (15 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js (20 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/230021…14012?v=2.9.4&r=stable (20 minutes)
https://cdn.tradelab.fr/tag/258c440af8.js (30 minutes)
https://s.pinimg.com/ct/core.js (2 hours)
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api2/webworker.js?hl=en&v=v1565591531251 (5 minutes)
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=DC-6832756 (15 minutes)
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-NK89GRL (15 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js (20 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/230021…14012?v=2.9.4&r=stable (20 minutes)
https://cdn.tradelab.fr/tag/258c440af8.js (30 minutes)
https://s.pinimg.com/ct/core.js (2 hours)
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
priority - 0 Minify HTML
Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 2.2KiB (14% reduction).
Minifying https://www.messika.com/us_en could save 1.7KiB (12% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://messika.cdn-tech.io/static/version15639581…modal/modal-slide.html could save 169B (27% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://messika.cdn-tech.io/static/version15639581…odal/modal-custom.html could save 145B (24% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://messika.cdn-tech.io/static/version15639581…modal/modal-popup.html could save 144B (24% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://messika.cdn-tech.io/static/version15639581…s/tooltip/tooltip.html could save 102B (37% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://messika.cdn-tech.io/static/version15639581…modal/modal-slide.html could save 169B (27% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://messika.cdn-tech.io/static/version15639581…odal/modal-custom.html could save 145B (24% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://messika.cdn-tech.io/static/version15639581…modal/modal-popup.html could save 144B (24% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://messika.cdn-tech.io/static/version15639581…s/tooltip/tooltip.html could save 102B (37% reduction) after compression.
priority - 0 Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 460B (44% reduction).
Compressing https://messika.cdn-tech.io/static/version15639581…/images/icon_phone.svg could save 460B (44% reduction).
priority - 0 Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 315B (19% reduction).
Minifying https://messika.cdn-tech.io/static/version15639581…y/jquery.cookie.min.js could save 158B (23% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://messika.cdn-tech.io/static/version15639581…n_GB/matchMedia.min.js could save 157B (16% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://messika.cdn-tech.io/static/version15639581…n_GB/matchMedia.min.js could save 157B (16% reduction) after compression.
messika.com Mobile Resources
| Total Resources | 240 |
| Number of Hosts | 15 |
| Static Resources | 220 |
| JavaScript Resources | 158 |
| CSS Resources | 15 |
messika.com Mobile Resource Breakdown
messika.com mobile page usability
Last tested: 2019-09-07
Mobile Usability
Good
99/100
messika.com Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary
priority - 0 Size tap targets appropriately
Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.
The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.
The tap target
<button id="btn-cookie-allow" class="action allow primary">Allow Cookies</button> is close to 1 other tap targets.The tap target
<div class="swiper-paginat…nation-bullets"></div> is close to 1 other tap targets.messika.com similar domains
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messika.com Ping
Ping is a networking utility tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It is a diagnostic that checks reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. In a computer network, a ping test is a way of sending messages from one host to another. Aside from checking if the host is connected to a network, ping also gives indicators of the reliability and general speed of the connection.
messika.com TRACEROUTE
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an IP network from source to destination. Traceroute also records the time taken for each hop the packet makes during its route to the destination. Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets with variable time to live values. The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop.