stolaf.edu website information.
stolaf.edu domain name is registered by .EDU top-level domain registry. See the other sites registred in .EDU domain zone.
Following name servers are specified for stolaf.edu domain:
- ns1.stolaf.edu
- ns2.stolaf.edu
and probably website stolaf.edu is hosted by SAKURA-B SAKURA Internet Inc., JP web hosting company. Check the complete list of other most popular websites hosted by SAKURA-B SAKURA Internet Inc., JP hosting company.
According to Alexa traffic rank the highest website stolaf.edu position was 12589 (in the world). The lowest Alexa rank position was 13886. Now website stolaf.edu ranked in Alexa database as number 13385 (in the world).
Website stolaf.edu Desktop speed measurement score (96/100) is better than the results of 94.12% of other sites and shows that the page is performing great on desktop computers.
stolaf.edu Mobile usability score (67/100) is better than the results of 18.73% of other sites and shows that the page mobile usability is poor and can be improved.
Mobile speed measurement score of stolaf.edu (51/100) is better than the results of 35.73% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.
Weekly Rank Report
| Date | Rank | Change |
|---|---|---|
| Nov-16-2024 | 13,385 | 130 |
| Nov-15-2024 | 13,515 | -166 |
| Nov-14-2024 | 13,349 | -72 |
| Nov-13-2024 | 13,277 | 0 |
| Nov-12-2024 | 13,277 | 0 |
| Nov-11-2024 | 13,277 | 0 |
| Nov-10-2024 | 13,277 | 81 |
Advertisement
stolaf.edu Rank History
Alexa can identify the popularity of a website as well as its competitors. It is important for website owners and bloggers to know their Alexa ranking because it shows how many visitors have viewed their web page. It gives them a clear idea of how popular their website is on the internet and the ranking of their competitors.
stolaf.edu whois
WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information.
This Registry database contains ONLY .EDU domains.
The data in the EDUCAUSE Whois database is provided
by EDUCAUSE for information purposes in order to
assist in the process of obtaining information about
or related to .edu domain registration records.
The EDUCAUSE Whois database is authoritative for the
.EDU domain.
A Web interface for the .EDU EDUCAUSE Whois Server is
available at: http://whois.educause.edu
By submitting a Whois query, you agree that this information
will not be used to allow, enable, or otherwise support
the transmission of unsolicited commercial advertising or
solicitations via e-mail. The use of electronic processes to
harvest information from this server is generally prohibited
except as reasonably necessary to register or modify .edu
domain names.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Domain Name: STOLAF.EDU
Registrant:
St. Olaf College
1510 St. Olaf Avenue
Northfield, MN 55057-1097
USA
Administrative Contact:
Roberta Lembke
St. Olaf College
1510 St.Olaf Avenue
Northfield, MN 55057-1097
USA
+1.5077863097
lembke@stolaf.edu
Technical Contact:
Craig Rice
St. Olaf College
1510 St.Olaf Avenue
Northfield, MN 55057-1097
USA
+1.5077863631
cdr@stolaf.edu
Name Servers:
NS1.STOLAF.EDU
NS2.STOLAF.EDU
Domain record activated: 11-Nov-1988
Domain record last updated: 03-Jun-2024
Domain expires: 31-Jul-2025
stolaf.edu server information
stolaf.edu desktop page speed rank
Last tested: 2019-12-14
stolaf.edu Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 2 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 1 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
priority - 1 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
stolaf.edu Desktop Resources
| Total Resources | 48 |
| Number of Hosts | 17 |
| Static Resources | 27 |
| JavaScript Resources | 7 |
| CSS Resources | 5 |
stolaf.edu Desktop Resource Breakdown
stolaf.edu mobile page speed rank
Last tested: 2016-10-13
stolaf.edu Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 32 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/soliloquy/…css/images/left@2x.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/soliloquy/…mages/preloader@2x.gif (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/soliloquy/…ss/images/right@2x.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/widgets-on-pages/wop.css (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/images/atoz.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/images/calendar.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/images/directory.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/images/facebook.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/images/home.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/images/navigation.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/images/olesocial.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/images/twitter.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/images/video.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/images/wordmark.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/images/youtube.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/banner01-1-600x200_c.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/banner02-600x200_c.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/banner03-1-600x200_c.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/banner05-1-600x200_c.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/banner06-1-600x200_c.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/banner07-1-600x200_c.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel-1-600x200_c.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel-2-600x200_c.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel-600x200_c.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel1-600x200_c.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel2-600x200_c.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel3-600x200_c.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel4-600x200_c.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel5-600x200_c.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel6-600x200_c.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel7-600x200_c.png (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Pastors287x189.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FHB_287.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Ol…ionPolitics287x189.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/ST…milton-web-graphic.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/WilliamsDon287x189.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stolaf.edu/multimedia/images/homepage/arrow-vod-40px.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.stolaf.edu/multimedia/images/homepage/vod.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/classie.js (expiration not specified)
https://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/mlpushmenu.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.google-analytics.com/ga.js (2 hours)
https://admissions.stolaf.edu/ping (24 hours)
priority - 32 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 10 blocking script resources and 7 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=1.4.1
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/st-olaf-ba….4-packed.js?ver=5.6.4
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/st-olaf-ba…o-banners.js?ver=4.6.1
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/functions.js?ver=1.0
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/…zr.custom.js?ver=4.6.1
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/mlpushmenu.js?ver=4.6.1
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/classie.js?ver=4.6.1
https://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/classie.js
https://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/mlpushmenu.js
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/st-olaf-ba…-banners.css?ver=4.6.1
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/st-olaf-pe…o_people.css?ver=4.6.1
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/css/jetpack.css?ver=4.3.1
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp_edit_pr…mn-style.css?ver=4.6.1
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/widgets-on-pages/wop.css
http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/soliloquy/…iloquy.css?ver=2.5.2.5
priority - 26 Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 249.3KiB (71% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/css/jetpack.css?ver=4.3.1 could save 47.6KiB (82% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/style.css?ver=2.4.2 could save 43.7KiB (82% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/soliloquy/…quy-min.js?ver=2.5.2.5 could save 20.7KiB (70% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/st-olaf-ba….4-packed.js?ver=5.6.4 could save 19.7KiB (62% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/soliloquy/…iloquy.css?ver=2.5.2.5 could save 14.7KiB (84% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/mlpushmenu.js?ver=4.6.1 could save 6.5KiB (62% reduction).
Compressing https://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/mlpushmenu.js could save 6.5KiB (62% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=4.6.1 could save 6.3KiB (61% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=1.4.1 could save 5.9KiB (60% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/…zr.custom.js?ver=4.6.1 could save 4.9KiB (55% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/genesis/lib…rfish.min.js?ver=1.7.5 could save 3.1KiB (63% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/functions.js?ver=1.0 could save 2.5KiB (73% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/st-olaf-pe…o_people.css?ver=4.6.1 could save 1.2KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/classie.js?ver=4.6.1 could save 1.1KiB (62% reduction).
Compressing https://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/classie.js could save 1.1KiB (62% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp_edit_pr…mn-style.css?ver=4.6.1 could save 744B (63% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=4.6.1 could save 653B (47% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-includes/js/hoverIntent.min.js?ver=1.8.1 could save 636B (57% reduction).
priority - 11 Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 107.2KiB (30% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Pastors287x189.jpg could save 23.1KiB (24% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Ol…ionPolitics287x189.jpg could save 21.3KiB (25% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FHB_287.jpg could save 20.6KiB (32% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/images/navigation.png could save 922B (80% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel-1-600x200_c.png could save 878B (88% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel-2-600x200_c.png could save 878B (88% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel-600x200_c.png could save 878B (88% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel1-600x200_c.png could save 878B (88% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel2-600x200_c.png could save 878B (88% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel3-600x200_c.png could save 878B (88% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel4-600x200_c.png could save 878B (88% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel5-600x200_c.png could save 878B (88% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel6-600x200_c.png could save 878B (88% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onepixel7-600x200_c.png could save 878B (88% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/soliloquy/…ss/images/right@2x.png could save 874B (81% reduction).
Compressing http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/soliloquy/…css/images/left@2x.png could save 863B (80% reduction).
Compressing http://www.stolaf.edu/multimedia/images/homepage/arrow-vod-40px.png could save 777B (23% reduction).
priority - 2 Minify CSS
Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 16.5KiB (24% reduction).
Minifying http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/plugins/soliloquy/…iloquy.css?ver=2.5.2.5 could save 3.3KiB (20% reduction).
priority - 1 Reduce server response time
In our test, your server responded in 0.29 seconds. There are many factors that can slow down your server response time. Please read our recommendations to learn how you can monitor and measure where your server is spending the most time.
priority - 1 Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 9.7KiB (36% reduction).
Minifying https://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/mlpushmenu.js could save 3.6KiB (35% reduction).
Minifying http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/functions.js?ver=1.0 could save 892B (26% reduction).
Minifying http://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/classie.js?ver=4.6.1 could save 882B (49% reduction).
Minifying https://wp.stolaf.edu/wp-content/themes/st-olaf/js/classie.js could save 882B (49% reduction).
priority - 0 Minify HTML
Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.1KiB (12% reduction).
stolaf.edu Mobile Resources
| Total Resources | 70 |
| Number of Hosts | 8 |
| Static Resources | 45 |
| JavaScript Resources | 21 |
| CSS Resources | 7 |
stolaf.edu Mobile Resource Breakdown
stolaf.edu mobile page usability
Last tested: 2016-10-13
stolaf.edu Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary
priority - 50 Size content to viewport
The page content is too wide for the viewport, forcing the user to scroll horizontally. Size the page content to the viewport to provide a better user experience.
The page content is 711 CSS pixels wide, but the viewport is only 411 CSS pixels wide. The following elements fall outside the viewport:
<img src="http://wp.stol…s/wordmark.jpg" class="mobile-banner-text"> falls outside the viewport.The element
<img id="soliloquy-image-9587" src="http://wp.stol…-600x200_c.jpg" class="soliloquy-imag…iloquy-preload"> falls outside the viewport.The element
<a href="" class="soliloquy-next"></a> falls outside the viewport.The element
<img src="http://wp.stol…10/FHB_287.jpg" class="attachment-hom…wp-post-image"> falls outside the viewport.The element
<a href="http://wp.stol…sing-campaign/">St. Olaf Launches Campaign</a> falls outside the viewport.The element
<p>'For the Hill…nefit students</p> falls outside the viewport.The element
<img src="http://wp.stol…Don287x189.jpg" class="attachment-hom…wp-post-image"> falls outside the viewport.The element
<a href="http://wp.stol…ialogue-award/">Sustained Dialogue</a> falls outside the viewport.The element
<p>Don Williams '…mpus community</p> falls outside the viewport.The element
<img src="http://wp.stol…ics287x189.jpg" class="attachment-hom…wp-post-image"> falls outside the viewport.The element
<a href="http://institute.stolaf.edu/">Oles on the Election</a> falls outside the viewport.The element
<p>St. Olaf stude…e Star Tribune</p> falls outside the viewport.The element
<img src="http://wp.stol…ors287x189.jpg" class="attachment-hom…wp-post-image"> falls outside the viewport.The element
<a href="http://wp.stol…lege-students/">A Devotion Boo…r College Life</a> falls outside the viewport.The element
<p>Each year, the…k to roommates</p> falls outside the viewport.The element
<img src="http://wp.stol…eb-graphic.jpg" class="attachment-hom…wp-post-image"> falls outside the viewport.The element
<a href="http://institu…essay-contest/">Hamilton Essay Contest</a> falls outside the viewport.The element
<p>Eleven first-y…acclaimed play</p> falls outside the viewport.The element
<img src="http://www.sto…mepage/vod.jpg"> falls outside the viewport.The element
<img src="http://www.sto…w-vod-40px.png" class="streamingicon"> falls outside the viewport.The element
<a href="http://www.sto…edu/multimedia">Streaming Video On Demand</a> falls outside the viewport.The element
<p>Next Live Broa…v. Robin Brown</p> falls outside the viewport.The element
<p>OF NOTE</p> falls outside the viewport.The element
<hr class="of-note-divider"> falls outside the viewport.The element
<a href="http://www.sta…-56/393408341/">Brad Cleveland…up, dies at 56</a> falls outside the viewport.The element
<a href="http://wp.stolaf.edu/news/" class="news-link">NEWS AND EVENTS</a> falls outside the viewport.The element
<div class="right-arrow"></div> falls outside the viewport.The element
<a href="http://wp.stolaf.edu/title-ix/">Title IX</a> falls outside the viewport.The element
<a href="http://wp.stol…edu/emergency/">Emergency Information</a> falls outside the viewport.stolaf.edu similar domains
www.stolaf.net
www.stolaf.org
www.stolaf.info
www.stolaf.biz
www.stolaf.us
www.stolaf.mobi
www.tolaf.edu
www.stolaf.edu
www.wtolaf.edu
www.swtolaf.edu
www.wstolaf.edu
www.etolaf.edu
www.setolaf.edu
www.estolaf.edu
www.dtolaf.edu
www.sdtolaf.edu
www.dstolaf.edu
www.ztolaf.edu
www.sztolaf.edu
www.zstolaf.edu
www.xtolaf.edu
www.sxtolaf.edu
www.xstolaf.edu
www.atolaf.edu
www.satolaf.edu
www.astolaf.edu
www.solaf.edu
www.srolaf.edu
www.strolaf.edu
www.srtolaf.edu
www.sfolaf.edu
www.stfolaf.edu
www.sftolaf.edu
www.sgolaf.edu
www.stgolaf.edu
www.sgtolaf.edu
www.syolaf.edu
www.styolaf.edu
www.sytolaf.edu
www.stlaf.edu
www.stilaf.edu
www.stoilaf.edu
www.stiolaf.edu
www.stklaf.edu
www.stoklaf.edu
www.stkolaf.edu
www.stllaf.edu
www.stollaf.edu
www.stlolaf.edu
www.stplaf.edu
www.stoplaf.edu
www.stpolaf.edu
www.stoaf.edu
www.stopaf.edu
www.stolpaf.edu
www.stooaf.edu
www.stoloaf.edu
www.stoolaf.edu
www.stokaf.edu
www.stolkaf.edu
www.stolf.edu
www.stolqf.edu
www.stolaqf.edu
www.stolqaf.edu
www.stolwf.edu
www.stolawf.edu
www.stolwaf.edu
www.stolsf.edu
www.stolasf.edu
www.stolsaf.edu
www.stolzf.edu
www.stolazf.edu
www.stolzaf.edu
www.stola.edu
www.stolac.edu
www.stolafc.edu
www.stolacf.edu
www.stolad.edu
www.stolafd.edu
www.stoladf.edu
www.stolar.edu
www.stolafr.edu
www.stolarf.edu
www.stolat.edu
www.stolaft.edu
www.stolatf.edu
www.stolag.edu
www.stolafg.edu
www.stolagf.edu
www.stolav.edu
www.stolafv.edu
www.stolavf.edu
stolaf.edu Ping
Ping is a networking utility tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It is a diagnostic that checks reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. In a computer network, a ping test is a way of sending messages from one host to another. Aside from checking if the host is connected to a network, ping also gives indicators of the reliability and general speed of the connection.
stolaf.edu TRACEROUTE
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an IP network from source to destination. Traceroute also records the time taken for each hop the packet makes during its route to the destination. Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets with variable time to live values. The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop.