SUNYSB.EDU Stony Brook University, New York


sunysb.edu website information.

sunysb.edu domain name is registered by .EDU top-level domain registry. See the other sites registred in .EDU domain zone.

Following name servers are specified for sunysb.edu domain:

  • nocnoc.stonybrook.edu
  • mewho.stonybrook.edu
  • whoisthere.stonybrook.edu

and probably website sunysb.edu is hosted by FASTLY - Fastly, US web hosting company. Check the complete list of other most popular websites hosted by FASTLY - Fastly, US hosting company.

According to Alexa traffic rank the highest website sunysb.edu position was 5687 (in the world). The lowest Alexa rank position was 6436. Now website sunysb.edu ranked in Alexa database as number 6423 (in the world).

Website sunysb.edu Desktop speed measurement score (39/100) is better than the results of 14.12% of other sites shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.

sunysb.edu Mobile usability score (99/100) is better than the results of 79.46% of other sites and means that the page is mobile-friendly.

Mobile speed measurement score of sunysb.edu (28/100) is better than the results of 8.55% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.

Weekly Rank Report

DateRankChange
Nov-15-2024 6,42313
Nov-14-2024 6,436-81
Nov-13-2024 6,3550
Nov-12-2024 6,3550
Nov-11-2024 6,3550
Nov-10-2024 6,3555
Nov-09-2024 6,360-13

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sunysb.edu Rank History

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sunysb.edu whois

WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information.


This Registry database contains ONLY .EDU domains.
The data in the EDUCAUSE Whois database is provided
by EDUCAUSE for information purposes in order to
assist in the process of obtaining information about
or related to .edu domain registration records.

The EDUCAUSE Whois database is authoritative for the
.EDU domain.

A Web interface for the .EDU EDUCAUSE Whois Server is
available at: http://whois.educause.edu

By submitting a Whois query, you agree that this information
will not be used to allow, enable, or otherwise support
the transmission of unsolicited commercial advertising or
solicitations via e-mail. The use of electronic processes to
harvest information from this server is generally prohibited
except as reasonably necessary to register or modify .edu
domain names.

-------------------------------------------------------------

Domain Name: SUNYSB.EDU

Registrant:
SUNY at Stony Brook
Stony Brook University
Stony Brook, NY 11794-6230
USA

Administrative Contact:
Behzad Barzideh
Stony Brook University
ECC Build. Room 247
Stony Brook, NY 11794-2630
USA
+1.6316328754
dns_admin@stonybrook.edu

Technical Contact:
TeLNeT Barzideh
Stony Brook University
ECC Build. Room 247
Stony Brook, NY 11794-2630
USA
+1.6317729231
dns_tech@stonybrook.edu

Name Servers:
MEWHO.STONYBROOK.EDU
WHOISTHERE.STONYBROOK.EDU
NOCNOC.STONYBROOK.EDU

Domain record activated: 20-Apr-1988
Domain record last updated: 31-Aug-2021
Domain expires: 31-Jul-2024

sunysb.edu server information

Servers Location

IP Address
129.49.22.66
Region
New York
City
Stony Brook

sunysb.edu desktop page speed rank

Last tested: 2019-08-31


Desktop Speed Bad
39/100

sunysb.edu Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary


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sunysb.edu Desktop Resources

Total Resources181
Number of Hosts32
Static Resources122
JavaScript Resources43
CSS Resources50

sunysb.edu Desktop Resource Breakdown

sunysb.edu mobile page speed rank

Last tested: 2017-11-04


Mobile Speed Bad
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Compressing http://www.stonybrook.edu/happenings/wp-content/uploads/lemurspot-1.jpg could save 13.7KiB (24% reduction).
Compressing http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/branding/rays/black-rays-full.jpg could save 12.5KiB (33% reduction).
Compressing http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/home-apr1…paign_LockUp_white.png could save 10.1KiB (35% reduction).
Compressing http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/branding/…up-two-line-358-60.png could save 10.1KiB (47% reduction).
Compressing http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/branding/…ogo-horizontal-300.png could save 9.3KiB (32% reduction).
Compressing http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/branding/…rizontal-white-300.png could save 4KiB (18% reduction).
Compressing http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/branding/…sity-logo-vertical.png could save 4KiB (35% reduction).
Compressing http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/images/preload_pattern.png could save 880B (90% reduction).

priority - 55 Leverage browser caching

Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.

Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:

http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/elements/…ropdown.1465573115.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/elements/cd-dropdown/common.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/elements/…ty-list.1465573115.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/elements/…mponent.1506370035.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/elements/…linecons/linecons.woff (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/elements/…e-table.1465573115.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/home-apr1…-styles.1501790377.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/images/preload_pattern.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/main.1507206640.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/nav-2017-desktop.1508792384.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/nav-2017.1508960698.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/nav.1508784650.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/new-brand.1509049196.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/print.1465573115.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/vendor/animate.1465573115.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/vendor/no…ize.min.1465573115.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/vendor/to…r-light.1465573115.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/vendor/to…tipster.1465573115.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/branding/…up-two-line-358-60.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/branding/…ogo-horizontal-300.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/branding/…sity-logo-vertical.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/branding/…rizontal-white-300.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/branding/rays/black-rays-full.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/branding/…ys-masthead-2200px.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/branding/rays/rays-vertical-1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/home-apr1…paign_LockUp_white.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/home-apr15/hp-campaign-image.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/home-apr15/sencer-desktop.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/home-apr15/sencer-mobile.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/nav/mega-menu-default.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/nav/mega-nav-pic_3-col_about.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/nav/mega-…-col-campus-life-2.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/nav/mega-…cs_3-col_academics.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/nav/mega-…ics_3-col_medicine.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/img/nav/mega-…ics_3-col_research.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/js/main.1509049196.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/js/mega-nav-2017.1509042724.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/js/mlpushmenu/classie.1494346828.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/js/mlpushmenu/mlpushmenu.1494445962.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/js/plugins.1469199759.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/js/vendor/mod….1.0.min.1465573116.js (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/plugins/nivo-…ightbox.1485898527.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/plugins/nivo-…/custom.1465573117.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/plugins/table…aw.bare.1465573117.css (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/happenings/wp-content/uploads/ebspot.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/happenings/wp-content/uploads/lemurspot-1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/happenings/wp-content/uploads/naspot.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/happenings/wp-content/uploads/prspot.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/happenings/wp-content/uploads/sandhuspot.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/happenings/wp-content/uploads/whipple3.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js (20 minutes)
http://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/b…ponsive-v2.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/cards.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/footer.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/main-v2.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/print.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/responsive-v2.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/row2.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/s…ion-nav-v2.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/s…ext-filter.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/s…ponsive-v2.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/s…ponsive-v2.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/t…ponsive-v2.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…er-buttons.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…culty-list.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…-lightbox.css?ver=1.21 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…ult/custom.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…l.carousel.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…sel.custom.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…/owl.theme.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…ransitions.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…lick-theme.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…-1.8/slick.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…lesaw.bare.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…ster-light.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…ooltipster.css?ver=1.2 (24 hours)

priority - 40 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content

Your page has 1 blocking script resources and 48 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.

None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.

Remove render-blocking JavaScript:

http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/js/vendor/mod….1.0.min.1465573116.js

Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:

http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/vendor/no…ize.min.1465573115.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/main.1507206640.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/new-brand.1509049196.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/nav.1508784650.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/elements/…ropdown.1465573115.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/elements/cd-dropdown/common.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/elements/…e-table.1465573115.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/vendor/to…tipster.1465573115.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/vendor/animate.1465573115.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/vendor/to…r-light.1465573115.css
https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.0/css/font-awesome.min.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/plugins/nivo-…ightbox.1485898527.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/plugins/nivo-…/custom.1465573117.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/elements/…ty-list.1465573115.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/plugins/table…aw.bare.1465573117.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/home-apr1…-styles.1501790377.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/elements/…mponent.1506370035.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/nav-2017.1508960698.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/nav-2017-desktop.1508792384.css
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/main-v2.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/t…ponsive-v2.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/b…ponsive-v2.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/s…ponsive-v2.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/row2.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/s…ponsive-v2.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/cards.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/footer.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/responsive-v2.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…l.carousel.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…sel.custom.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…er-buttons.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…/owl.theme.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…ransitions.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…-1.8/slick.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…lick-theme.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/s…ext-filter.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…culty-list.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…lesaw.bare.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/s…ion-nav-v2.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…ooltipster.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…ster-light.css?ver=1.2
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…-lightbox.css?ver=1.21
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…ult/custom.css?ver=1.2
https://fast.fonts.net/cssapi/8b09d344-baa0-42a8-bbac-175ff46c86d5.css
https://fast.fonts.net/t/1.css?apiType=css&project…42a8-bbac-175ff46c86d5
https://fast.fonts.net/cssapi/ee71ef3e-a7f1-47dd-8ae1-4ae6bec02b30.css
https://fast.fonts.net/t/1.css?apiType=css&project…47dd-8ae1-4ae6bec02b30
https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Oswald

priority - 8 Prioritize visible content

Your page requires additional network round trips to render the above-the-fold content. For best performance, reduce the amount of HTML needed to render above-the-fold content.

71.3KiB of the HTML response was required to render the above-the-fold content. This requires 3 network round-trips. However, if the HTML response were compressed, then the HTML required to render the above-the-fold content could be delivered in just 1 network round-trips. Enable compression for the HTML response in order to prioritize the visible content for this page.

Only about 55% of the final above-the-fold content could be rendered with the HTML delivered within 2 round-trips.

priority - 7 Enable compression

Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.

Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 71.9KiB (85% reduction).

Compressing http://www.stonybrook.edu/ could save 71.9KiB (85% reduction).

priority - 3 Minify JavaScript

Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.

Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 29KiB (40% reduction).

Minifying https://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/js/vendor/jquery.ba-bbq.js?ver=1.2 could save 11.4KiB (79% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…lick.custom.js?ver=1.2 could save 3.6KiB (25% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…aw/tablesaw.js?ver=1.2 could save 2.1KiB (24% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/js/vendor/jquery.motio.js?ver=1.2 could save 1.9KiB (49% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/js/mega-nav-2017.1509042724.js could save 1.4KiB (42% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/js/main.1509049196.js could save 1.2KiB (28% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/js/vendor/jq….easing.1.3.js?ver=1.2 could save 1.1KiB (58% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/js/mlpushmenu/mlpushmenu.1494445962.js could save 1.1KiB (30% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/js/sb-v2/main.js?ver=1.2 could save 1.1KiB (27% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/js/sb-v2/responsive.js?ver=1.2 could save 1KiB (29% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/js/plugins.1469199759.js could save 992B (37% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…vo-lightbox.js?ver=1.2 could save 807B (28% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/js/sb…y.waypoints.js?ver=1.2 could save 625B (18% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/js/sb-v2/plugins.js?ver=1.2 could save 566B (44% reduction) after compression.

priority - 2 Minify HTML

Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 23.3KiB (28% reduction).

Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/ could save 23.3KiB (28% reduction).

priority - 2 Minify CSS

Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 13.2KiB (19% reduction).

Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/main.1507206640.css could save 5.2KiB (20% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/responsive-v2.css?ver=1.2 could save 1.8KiB (12% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/nav.1508784650.css could save 1.4KiB (17% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/plugins/table…aw.bare.1465573117.css could save 863B (26% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…lesaw.bare.css?ver=1.2 could save 862B (26% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/new-brand.1509049196.css could save 792B (18% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/home-apr1…-styles.1501790377.css could save 673B (15% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/plugi…ooltipster.css?ver=1.2 could save 593B (36% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/far-beyond/css/vendor/to…tipster.1465573115.css could save 593B (36% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/_resources/css/b…ponsive-v2.css?ver=1.2 could save 525B (28% reduction) after compression.

sunysb.edu Mobile Resources

Total Resources131
Number of Hosts12
Static Resources107
JavaScript Resources34
CSS Resources50

sunysb.edu Mobile Resource Breakdown

sunysb.edu mobile page usability

Last tested: 2017-11-04


Mobile Usability Good
99/100

sunysb.edu Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary


priority - 0 Size tap targets appropriately

Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.

The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.

The tap target <a href="http://www.sto…k.edu/privacy/" class="item">Privacy Policy</a> is close to 1 other tap targets.
The tap target <a href="http://www.sto…edu/diversity/" class="item">Diversity</a> is close to 1 other tap targets.

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sunysb.edu Ping

Ping is a networking utility tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It is a diagnostic that checks reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. In a computer network, a ping test is a way of sending messages from one host to another. Aside from checking if the host is connected to a network, ping also gives indicators of the reliability and general speed of the connection.


sunysb.edu TRACEROUTE

Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an IP network from source to destination. Traceroute also records the time taken for each hop the packet makes during its route to the destination. Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets with variable time to live values. The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop.