wall-street.ro website information.
wall-street.ro domain name is registered by .RO top-level domain registry. See the other sites registred in .RO domain zone.
Following name servers are specified for wall-street.ro domain:
- ns1.globalis.ro
- ns.globalis.ro
and probably website wall-street.ro is hosted by CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US web hosting company. Check the complete list of other most popular websites hosted by CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US hosting company.
According to Alexa traffic rank the highest website wall-street.ro position was 40836 (in the world). The lowest Alexa rank position was 42774. Now website wall-street.ro ranked in Alexa database as number 42569 (in the world).
Website wall-street.ro Desktop speed measurement score (63/100) is better than the results of 39.87% of other sites shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.
wall-street.ro Mobile usability score (99/100) is better than the results of 79.46% of other sites and means that the page is mobile-friendly.
Mobile speed measurement score of wall-street.ro (50/100) is better than the results of 33.92% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.
Weekly Rank Report
Date | Rank | Change |
---|---|---|
Nov-08-2024 | N/A | N/A |
Nov-07-2024 | 42,569 | 51 |
Nov-06-2024 | 42,620 | -184 |
Nov-05-2024 | 42,436 | 277 |
Nov-04-2024 | 42,713 | 5 |
Nov-03-2024 | 42,718 | -678 |
Nov-02-2024 | 42,040 | 50 |
Advertisement
wall-street.ro Rank History
Alexa can identify the popularity of a website as well as its competitors. It is important for website owners and bloggers to know their Alexa ranking because it shows how many visitors have viewed their web page. It gives them a clear idea of how popular their website is on the internet and the ranking of their competitors.
wall-street.ro whois
WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information.
% The WHOIS service offered by ROTLD and the access to the records in the ROTLD WHOIS database
% are provided for information purposes and to be used within the scope of technical or administrative
% necessities of Internet operation or to remedy legal problems. The use for other purposes,
% in particular for advertising and domain hunting, is not permitted.
% Without prejudice to the above, it is explicitly forbidden to extract, copy and/or use or re-utilise
% in any form and by any means (electronically or not) the whole or a quantitatively or qualitatively
% substantial part of the contents of the WHOIS database without prior and explicit permission by ROTLD,
% nor in any attempt hereof, to apply automated, electronic processes to ROTLD (or its systems).
% ROTLD cannot, under any circumstances, be held liable in case the stored information would prove
% to be wrong, incomplete or not accurate in any sense.
% You agree that any reproduction and/or transmission of data for commercial purposes will always
% be considered as the extraction of a substantial part of the content of the WHOIS database.
% By submitting the query you agree to abide by this policy and accept that ROTLD can take measures
% to limit the use of its WHOIS services in order to protect the privacy of its registrants or the
% integrity of the database.
% The ROTLD WHOIS service on port 43 never discloses any information concerning the registrant.
% Registrant information can be obtained through use of the web-based whois service available from
% the ROTLD website www.rotld.ro
Domain Name: wall-street.ro
Registered On: 2005-10-18
Expires On: 2026-10-16
Registrar: Internet Resources Management SRL
Referral URL: ip.ro
DNSSEC: Inactive
Nameserver: oswald.ns.cloudflare.com
Nameserver: donna.ns.cloudflare.com
Domain Status: OK
wall-street.ro server information
wall-street.ro desktop page speed rank
Last tested: 2019-12-07
wall-street.ro Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 22 Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 212.5KiB (69% reduction).
Compressing https://img.wall-street.ro/images/anuarul-30-de-ani.jpg could save 51.5KiB (70% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://img.wall-street.ro/images/conferences/defa…o-lugera-color-big.png could save 21.8KiB (84% reduction).
Compressing https://ado.icorp.ro/files/x/pdq/risphoj/xajkevmjdv/SUP-300x250.jpg could save 10.8KiB (40% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://img.wall-street.ro/image_thumbs/thumbs/f74…10-85.jpg?v=1395171936 could save 10.7KiB (78% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://img.wall-street.ro/image_thumbs/thumbs/cbf…10-85.jpg?v=1315143622 could save 9.6KiB (80% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://img.wall-street.ro/images/real-estate-logo.png could save 6.1KiB (60% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://img.wall-street.ro/images/refresh2018/logo.png could save 5.4KiB (61% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://img.wall-street.ro/image_thumbs/articles/4…6465_160x165-00-65.jpg could save 4.8KiB (72% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://img.wall-street.ro/image_thumbs/articles/4…7706_160x165-00-65.jpg could save 4.2KiB (72% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://img.wall-street.ro/image_thumbs/articles/4…7669_160x165-00-65.jpg could save 3.9KiB (71% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://img.wall-street.ro/image_thumbs/articles/4…6826_160x165-00-65.jpg could save 3.7KiB (70% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://img.wall-street.ro/image_thumbs/articles/4…7384_160x165-00-65.jpg could save 3.3KiB (69% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://img.wall-street.ro/image_thumbs/articles/4…6768_160x165-00-65.jpg could save 2.7KiB (67% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://img.wall-street.ro/image_thumbs/thumbs/8cd…00-85.jpg?v=1575745650 could save 2.5KiB (74% reduction).
Compressing https://www.futurebanking.ro/2020//front/assets/im…cast-button-google.png could save 2.1KiB (23% reduction).
Compressing https://www.futurebanking.ro/2020//front/assets/im…ast-button-spotify.png could save 2.1KiB (29% reduction).
Compressing https://www.futurebanking.ro/2020//front/assets/im…dcast-button-apple.png could save 2.1KiB (20% reduction).
Compressing https://storage.icorp.ro/storage/ic_common/bw-logo-ic.png could save 1KiB (21% reduction).
Compressing https://s0.2mdn.net/8843241/1571313690942/images/c…b50c7188a6eb0559e8.png could save 346B (18% reduction).
priority - 14 Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 136.4KiB (82% reduction).
Compressing https://ado.icorp.ro/_1575747202747/ad.js?id=askAi…ome/fv=-/lptype=1/nc=1 could save 48.9KiB (82% reduction).
Compressing https://ado.icorp.ro/_1575747202915/ad.js?id=1xyhR…768/fv=-/lptype=1/nc=1 could save 8.7KiB (75% reduction).
Compressing https://ads.projectagoraservices.com/?id=2536 could save 5.2KiB (70% reduction).
Compressing https://image6.pubmatic.com/AdServer/PugMaster?kdn…=0&gdpr_consent=&sec=1 could save 2.4KiB (68% reduction).
Compressing https://simage2.pubmatic.com/AdServer/Pug?vcode=bz…4cc6-9dbc-85c9c5c302e2 could save 1.5KiB (97% reduction).
Compressing https://storage.icorp.ro/storage/gdpr-resources/.well-known/pubvendors.json could save 215B (53% reduction).
priority - 10 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 5 blocking script resources and 1 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
https://cdn.cxense.com/cx.js?v=180315
https://ado.icorp.ro/files/js/ado.js
https://ado.icorp.ro/_1575747202747/ad.js?id=askAi…ome/fv=-/lptype=1/nc=1
https://storage.icorp.ro/storage/ado_scripts/clust…usters.js?ord=20160913
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
priority - 9 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
https://um.icorp.ro/static/images/internetcorp-rgb.png (expiration not specified)
https://cdn.mookie1.com/containr.js (60 seconds)
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-53GXG2V (15 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js (20 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js (20 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/165036…4414?v=2.9.14&r=stable (20 minutes)
https://www.googletagservices.com/activeview/js/cu…dar.js?cache=r20110914 (50 minutes)
https://www.googletagservices.com/activeview/js/cu…osd.js?cb=%2Fr20100101 (50 minutes)
https://cdn.cxense.com/cx.js?v=180315 (60 minutes)
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js (60 minutes)
https://scdn.cxense.com/cx.js (60 minutes)
https://www.googletagservices.com/dcm/dcmads.js (60 minutes)
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
https://ado.icorp.ro/files/js/ado.js (4 hours)
https://ado.icorp.ro/files/js/aortbauction.000.js (4 hours)
https://ado.icorp.ro/files/js/billboard_gao_lib.js (4 hours)
https://ado.icorp.ro/files/js/prebid/2.9.0/gAAAAAA…AAAAAAAAACAAACAAQAg.js (4 hours)
https://ado.icorp.ro/files/js/prebid_gao_lib.js (4 hours)
https://projectagora.net/libs/prebid.js (4 hours)
priority - 5 Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 52.3KiB (24% reduction).
Minifying https://ado.icorp.ro/_1575747202747/ad.js?id=askAi…ome/fv=-/lptype=1/nc=1 could save 12.2KiB (21% reduction).
Minifying https://storage.icorp.ro/storage/gdpr-resources//cmpui-banner.js?v=180619 could save 4.8KiB (14% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://ads.projectagoraservices.com/?id=2536 could save 3.1KiB (43% reduction).
Minifying https://ado.icorp.ro/_1575747202915/ad.js?id=1xyhR…768/fv=-/lptype=1/nc=1 could save 1.9KiB (17% reduction).
Minifying https://code3.adtlgc.com/js/sati_init.js could save 1.5KiB (14% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://cdn.mookie1.com/containr.js could save 855B (37% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://garo.hit.gemius.pl/xgemius.js could save 808B (12% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js could save 674B (39% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://img.wall-street.ro/js/refresh2018/vendors/lazyload.js could save 646B (41% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://img.wall-street.ro/js/OneSignal/onesignal.js could save 592B (35% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://storage.icorp.ro/storage/gdpr-resources/__…bfmw.js?v=201806211132 could save 434B (11% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://img.wall-street.ro/js/ga_socials.js could save 397B (61% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://code3.adtlgc.com/js/enreach_mipo.js could save 181B (24% reduction) after compression.
priority - 0 Minify HTML
Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.5KiB (99% reduction).
wall-street.ro Desktop Resources
Total Resources | 185 |
Number of Hosts | 66 |
Static Resources | 86 |
JavaScript Resources | 70 |
CSS Resources | 1 |
wall-street.ro Desktop Resource Breakdown
wall-street.ro mobile page speed rank
Last tested: 2019-12-08
wall-street.ro Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 40 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 14 blocking script resources and 1 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
https://cdn.cxense.com/cx.js?v=180315
https://ado.icorp.ro/files/js/ado.js
https://ado.icorp.ro/_1575818093121/ad.js?id=askAi…ome/fv=-/lptype=1/nc=1
https://storage.icorp.ro/storage/ado_scripts/clust…usters.js?ord=20160913
https://icorpadro.hit.gemius.pl/gdejs/xgde.js
https://ado.icorp.ro/files/js/billboard_gao_lib.js
https://img.wall-street.ro/js/refresh2018/vendors/jquery.min.js
https://img.wall-street.ro/js/refresh2018/vendors/bootstrap.min.js
https://img.wall-street.ro/js/refresh2018/vendors/lazyload.js
https://img.wall-street.ro/js/OneSignal/onesignal.js
https://img.wall-street.ro/minify/cache-1575461871…a37f43080b165dc9624.js
https://img.wall-street.ro/minify/cache-1528119864…e040a9f97c267bc2100.js
https://img.wall-street.ro/js/ga_socials.js
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
priority - 24 Prioritize visible content
Your page requires additional network round trips to render the above-the-fold content. For best performance, reduce the amount of HTML needed to render above-the-fold content.
The entire HTML response was not sufficient to render the above-the-fold content. This usually indicates that additional resources, loaded after HTML parsing, were required to render above-the-fold content. Prioritize visible content that is needed for rendering above-the-fold by including it directly in the HTML response.
priority - 18 Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 175KiB (66% reduction).
Compressing https://img.wall-street.ro/images/anuarul-30-de-ani.jpg could save 51.5KiB (70% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://www.wall-street.ro/real-estate/img/logo.png could save 32.8KiB (90% reduction).
Compressing https://ado.icorp.ro/files/x/pdq/risphoj/xajkevmjdv/SUP-300x250.jpg could save 10.8KiB (40% reduction).
Compressing https://img.wall-street.ro/images/conferences/defa…o-lugera-color-big.png could save 8.4KiB (33% reduction).
Compressing https://www.futurebanking.ro/2020//front/assets/im…cast-button-google.png could save 2.1KiB (23% reduction).
Compressing https://www.futurebanking.ro/2020//front/assets/im…ast-button-spotify.png could save 2.1KiB (29% reduction).
Compressing https://www.futurebanking.ro/2020//front/assets/im…dcast-button-apple.png could save 2.1KiB (20% reduction).
Compressing https://storage.icorp.ro/storage/ic_common/bw-logo-ic.png could save 1KiB (21% reduction).
Compressing https://img.wall-street.ro/image_thumbs/thumbs/8cd…00-85.jpg?v=1575814516 could save 467B (14% reduction).
priority - 11 Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 108.3KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing https://ado.icorp.ro/_1575818093121/ad.js?id=askAi…ome/fv=-/lptype=1/nc=1 could save 33.4KiB (82% reduction).
Compressing https://ads.projectagoraservices.com/?id=2538 could save 5.3KiB (70% reduction).
Compressing https://storage.icorp.ro/storage/gdpr-resources/.well-known/pubvendors.json could save 215B (53% reduction).
priority - 10 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
https://cdn.mookie1.com/containr.js (60 seconds)
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-53GXG2V (15 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js (20 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js (20 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/165036…4414?v=2.9.14&r=stable (20 minutes)
https://cdn.cxense.com/cx.js?v=180315 (60 minutes)
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js (60 minutes)
https://scdn.cxense.com/cx.js (60 minutes)
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
https://ado.icorp.ro/files/js/ado.js (4 hours)
https://ado.icorp.ro/files/js/billboard_gao_lib.js (4 hours)
https://ado.icorp.ro/files/js/prebid/2.9.0/gAAAAAA…AAAAAAAAACAAACAAQAg.js (4 hours)
https://ado.icorp.ro/files/js/prebid_gao_lib.js (4 hours)
https://projectagora.net/libs/prebid.js (4 hours)
priority - 5 Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 44.8KiB (24% reduction).
Minifying https://ado.icorp.ro/_1575818093121/ad.js?id=askAi…ome/fv=-/lptype=1/nc=1 could save 6.7KiB (17% reduction).
Minifying https://storage.icorp.ro/storage/gdpr-resources//cmpui-popup.js?v=180619 could save 4.8KiB (14% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://ads.projectagoraservices.com/?id=2538 could save 3.2KiB (42% reduction).
Minifying https://code3.adtlgc.com/js/sati_init.js could save 1.5KiB (14% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://cdn.mookie1.com/containr.js could save 855B (37% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://garo.hit.gemius.pl/xgemius.js could save 808B (12% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js could save 673B (39% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://img.wall-street.ro/js/refresh2018/vendors/lazyload.js could save 646B (41% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://img.wall-street.ro/js/OneSignal/onesignal.js could save 592B (35% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://storage.icorp.ro/storage/gdpr-resources/__…bfmw.js?v=201806211132 could save 434B (11% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://img.wall-street.ro/js/ga_socials.js could save 397B (61% reduction) after compression.
wall-street.ro Mobile Resources
Total Resources | 103 |
Number of Hosts | 33 |
Static Resources | 66 |
JavaScript Resources | 47 |
CSS Resources | 1 |
wall-street.ro Mobile Resource Breakdown
wall-street.ro mobile page usability
Last tested: 2019-12-08
wall-street.ro Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary
priority - 0 Size tap targets appropriately
Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.
The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.
<button class="qc-cmp-button">Accept</button>
is close to 1 other tap targets.<a id="qc-cmp-purpose-button" class="qc-cmp-alt-action">Modifica Setari</a>
is close to 1 other tap targets.<a href="https://www.wa…mie/index.html" class="">Economie</a>
is close to 1 other tap targets.<a href="https://www.wa…l-romania.html" class="title">Hidroelectrica…ia CEZ si Enel</a>
is close to 1 other tap targets.<a href="https://www.wa…nii/index.html" class="">Companii</a>
and 6 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="https://www.wa…e-craciun.html" class="title">Weekendul aces…nte de Craciun</a>
and 4 others are close to other tap targets.The tap target
<a href="https://www.wa…ni-capitalism/"></a>
is close to 2 other tap targets.The tap target
<a href="https://www.fu…nking.ro/2020/" class="ftbLogo"></a>
and 2 others are close to other tap targets.The tap target
<a href="https://podcas…g/id1487430533"></a>
and 1 others are close to other tap targets.wall-street.ro similar domains
www.wall-street.net
www.wall-street.org
www.wall-street.info
www.wall-street.biz
www.wall-street.us
www.wall-street.mobi
www.all-street.ro
www.wall-street.ro
www.qall-street.ro
www.wqall-street.ro
www.qwall-street.ro
www.aall-street.ro
www.waall-street.ro
www.awall-street.ro
www.sall-street.ro
www.wsall-street.ro
www.swall-street.ro
www.eall-street.ro
www.weall-street.ro
www.ewall-street.ro
www.wll-street.ro
www.wqll-street.ro
www.waqll-street.ro
www.wwll-street.ro
www.wawll-street.ro
www.wwall-street.ro
www.wsll-street.ro
www.wasll-street.ro
www.wzll-street.ro
www.wazll-street.ro
www.wzall-street.ro
www.wal-street.ro
www.wapl-street.ro
www.walpl-street.ro
www.wapll-street.ro
www.waol-street.ro
www.walol-street.ro
www.waoll-street.ro
www.wakl-street.ro
www.walkl-street.ro
www.wakll-street.ro
www.walp-street.ro
www.wallp-street.ro
www.walo-street.ro
www.wallo-street.ro
www.walk-street.ro
www.wallk-street.ro
www.wallstreet.ro
www.wall-treet.ro
www.wall-wtreet.ro
www.wall-swtreet.ro
www.wall-wstreet.ro
www.wall-etreet.ro
www.wall-setreet.ro
www.wall-estreet.ro
www.wall-dtreet.ro
www.wall-sdtreet.ro
www.wall-dstreet.ro
www.wall-ztreet.ro
www.wall-sztreet.ro
www.wall-zstreet.ro
www.wall-xtreet.ro
www.wall-sxtreet.ro
www.wall-xstreet.ro
www.wall-atreet.ro
www.wall-satreet.ro
www.wall-astreet.ro
www.wall-sreet.ro
www.wall-srreet.ro
www.wall-strreet.ro
www.wall-srtreet.ro
www.wall-sfreet.ro
www.wall-stfreet.ro
www.wall-sftreet.ro
www.wall-sgreet.ro
www.wall-stgreet.ro
www.wall-sgtreet.ro
www.wall-syreet.ro
www.wall-styreet.ro
www.wall-sytreet.ro
www.wall-steet.ro
www.wall-steeet.ro
www.wall-streeet.ro
www.wall-stereet.ro
www.wall-stdeet.ro
www.wall-strdeet.ro
www.wall-stdreet.ro
www.wall-stfeet.ro
www.wall-strfeet.ro
www.wall-stteet.ro
www.wall-strteet.ro
www.wall-sttreet.ro
www.wall-stret.ro
www.wall-strwet.ro
www.wall-strewet.ro
www.wall-strweet.ro
www.wall-strset.ro
www.wall-streset.ro
www.wall-strseet.ro
www.wall-strdet.ro
www.wall-stredet.ro
www.wall-strret.ro
www.wall-streret.ro
www.wall-strewt.ro
www.wall-streewt.ro
www.wall-strest.ro
www.wall-streest.ro
www.wall-stredt.ro
www.wall-streedt.ro
www.wall-strert.ro
www.wall-streert.ro
www.wall-stree.ro
www.wall-streer.ro
www.wall-streetr.ro
www.wall-streef.ro
www.wall-streetf.ro
www.wall-streeft.ro
www.wall-streeg.ro
www.wall-streetg.ro
www.wall-streegt.ro
www.wall-streey.ro
www.wall-streety.ro
www.wall-streeyt.ro
wall-street.ro Ping
Ping is a networking utility tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It is a diagnostic that checks reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. In a computer network, a ping test is a way of sending messages from one host to another. Aside from checking if the host is connected to a network, ping also gives indicators of the reliability and general speed of the connection.
wall-street.ro TRACEROUTE
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an IP network from source to destination. Traceroute also records the time taken for each hop the packet makes during its route to the destination. Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets with variable time to live values. The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop.