WFU.EDU Homepage | Wake Forest University


wfu.edu website information.

wfu.edu domain name is registered by .EDU top-level domain registry. See the other sites registred in .EDU domain zone.

Following name servers are specified for wfu.edu domain:

  • ns4.wfu.edu
  • ncnoc.ncren.net
  • reggae.ncren.net
  • ns3.wfu.edu
  • ns1.wfu.edu
  • ns2.wfu.edu

and probably website wfu.edu is hosted by GOOGLE - Google LLC, US web hosting company. Check the complete list of other most popular websites hosted by GOOGLE - Google LLC, US hosting company.

According to Alexa traffic rank the highest website wfu.edu position was 4245 (in the world). The lowest Alexa rank position was 4925. Now website wfu.edu ranked in Alexa database as number 4529 (in the world).

Website wfu.edu Desktop speed measurement score (45/100) is better than the results of 19.01% of other sites shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.

wfu.edu Mobile usability score (98/100) is better than the results of 55.61% of other sites and means that the page is mobile-friendly.

Mobile speed measurement score of wfu.edu (40/100) is better than the results of 18.97% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.

Weekly Rank Report

DateRankChange
Nov-14-2024 4,52915
Nov-13-2024 4,5440
Nov-12-2024 4,5440
Nov-11-2024 4,5440
Nov-10-2024 4,54412
Nov-09-2024 4,556-34
Nov-08-2024 4,5225

Advertisement

wfu.edu Rank History

Alexa can identify the popularity of a website as well as its competitors. It is important for website owners and bloggers to know their Alexa ranking because it shows how many visitors have viewed their web page. It gives them a clear idea of how popular their website is on the internet and the ranking of their competitors.



wfu.edu whois

WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information.


This Registry database contains ONLY .EDU domains.
The data in the EDUCAUSE Whois database is provided
by EDUCAUSE for information purposes in order to
assist in the process of obtaining information about
or related to .edu domain registration records.

The EDUCAUSE Whois database is authoritative for the
.EDU domain.

A Web interface for the .EDU EDUCAUSE Whois Server is
available at: http://whois.educause.edu

By submitting a Whois query, you agree that this information
will not be used to allow, enable, or otherwise support
the transmission of unsolicited commercial advertising or
solicitations via e-mail. The use of electronic processes to
harvest information from this server is generally prohibited
except as reasonably necessary to register or modify .edu
domain names.

-------------------------------------------------------------

Domain Name: WFU.EDU

Registrant:
Wake Forest University
PO Box 7408 Reynolda Station
Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7408
USA

Administrative Contact:
WFU DNS Admin
Wake Forest University
P. O. Box 7408
Winston-Salem, NC 27109
USA
+1.3367585813
dns-admin-contact@wfu.edu

Technical Contact:
WFU Hostmaster
Wake Forest University
P. O. Box 7408
Winston-Salem, NC 27109
USA
+1.3367585813
hostmaster@wfu.edu

Name Servers:
NS-1856.AWSDNS-40.CO.UK
NS-1302.AWSDNS-34.ORG
NS-171.AWSDNS-21.COM
NS-936.AWSDNS-53.NET

Domain record activated: 03-Mar-1986
Domain record last updated: 01-Jul-2024
Domain expires: 31-Jul-2027

wfu.edu server information

Servers Location

IP Address
152.17.48.164
Region
North Carolina
City
Winston-Salem

wfu.edu desktop page speed rank

Last tested: 2019-12-07


Desktop Speed Bad
45/100

wfu.edu Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary


priority - 71 Optimize images

Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.

Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 692.4KiB (50% reduction).

Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/09/20190913FootballUNC7038-1400-2.jpg could save 130.3KiB (35% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/09/20170602wakedowntown078-crop.jpg could save 126.8KiB (86% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/08/20170227OPCD1563-650.jpg could save 110.3KiB (86% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/11/relax-640.jpg could save 78.4KiB (47% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/09/20190410campus0030-640.jpg could save 68.3KiB (53% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/11/20191106class1216-640.jpg could save 64.3KiB (48% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/11/20181115turkeypalooza2931-470.jpg could save 41.1KiB (51% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/08/Hybrid1.jpg could save 40KiB (70% reduction).
Compressing https://scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com/v/t51.288…50d3cfd218&oe=5DEE4855 could save 18.5KiB (15% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/C2C-footer.jpg could save 3.9KiB (25% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/Magnolia-footer.jpg could save 3.7KiB (29% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/09/Im-A-Fan-300x70.png could save 2.7KiB (16% reduction).
Compressing https://pprd.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/08/Shield2.png could save 1.3KiB (31% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/Winston-Salem-footer.png could save 1.1KiB (42% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/shield-divider.png could save 859B (52% reduction).
Compressing https://yt3.ggpht.com/-V11VhOJo-hs/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAA…rj-c0xffffff/photo.jpg could save 855B (30% reduction).

priority - 25 Enable compression

Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.

Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 243.5KiB (86% reduction).

Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/css/homepage_v2.min.css could save 243.2KiB (86% reduction).
Compressing https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api could save 367B (43% reduction).

priority - 16 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content

Your page has 12 blocking script resources and 9 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.

None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.

Remove render-blocking JavaScript:

https://cdn.polyfill.io/v2/polyfill.min.js
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=1.12.4-wp
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=1.4.1
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/js/homepage_v2.min.js
https://static.secure.wfu.edu/js/alert.js
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/waypoints/4…query.waypoints.min.js
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/waypoints/4…hortcuts/inview.min.js
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/js/site_improve_priority.js
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/themes/homepage/js/search_ajax.js?ver=1.0
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/themes/homepage/js/wp_ajax.js?ver=1.0
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/themes/homepage/js/load_more.js?ver=1.0
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=5.3

Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:

https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/plugins/wfu-widget-…r/css/main.css?ver=5.3
https://cloud.typography.com/7472334/7046972/css/fonts.css
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/jquery.slick/1.3.6/slick.css
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/weather-ico…/css/weather-icons.css
https://cloud.typography.com/7472334/7046972/css/fonts.css
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/themes/homepage/heater/footer.css
https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Frank+Ruhl+Libre:400,700
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/css/homepage_v2.min.css
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/plugins/tablepress/…ault.min.css?ver=1.9.2

priority - 9 Leverage browser caching

Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.

Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:

https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/css/homepage_v2.min.css (expiration not specified)
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/C2C-footer.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/Magnolia-footer.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/Winston-Salem-footer.png (expiration not specified)
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/shield-divider.png (expiration not specified)
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/js/homepage_v2.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/js/site_improve_priority.js (expiration not specified)
https://static.secure.wfu.edu/images/_heater/_footer/wfu-footer-logo.svg (1 second)
https://static.secure.wfu.edu/images/_heater/wfu-logo.svg (1 second)
https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-882013.js?sv=5 (60 seconds)
https://static.doubleclick.net/instream/ad_status.js (15 minutes)
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-T975WM2 (15 minutes)
https://static.secure.wfu.edu/css/alert.css (60 minutes)
https://static.secure.wfu.edu/css/foundation/5.5.1/foundation-grid-only.css (60 minutes)
https://static.secure.wfu.edu/fonts/default/581769/413B648F8774757B9.css (60 minutes)
https://static.secure.wfu.edu/js/alert.js (60 minutes)
https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/conversion_async.js (60 minutes)
https://ssl.google-analytics.com/ga.js (2 hours)

priority - 7 Avoid landing page redirects

Your page has 2 redirects. Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded.

Avoid landing page redirects for the following chain of redirected URLs.

http://wfu.edu/
http://www.wfu.edu/
https://www.wfu.edu/

priority - 7 Minify JavaScript

Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.

Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 65.5KiB (41% reduction).

Minifying https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/js/homepage_v2.min.js could save 65.2KiB (41% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/themes/homepage/js/search_ajax.js?ver=1.0 could save 159B (29% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/waypoints/4…hortcuts/inview.min.js could save 131B (20% reduction) after compression.

priority - 2 Prioritize visible content

Your page requires additional network round trips to render the above-the-fold content. For best performance, reduce the amount of HTML needed to render above-the-fold content.

The entire HTML response was not sufficient to render the above-the-fold content. This usually indicates that additional resources, loaded after HTML parsing, were required to render above-the-fold content. Prioritize visible content that is needed for rendering above-the-fold by including it directly in the HTML response.

Only about 16% of the final above-the-fold content could be rendered with the full HTML response.
Click to see the screenshot with only the HTML response:

priority - 0 Minify HTML

Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 2KiB (15% reduction).

Minifying https://www.wfu.edu/ could save 2KiB (15% reduction) after compression.

priority - 0 Minify CSS

Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.1KiB (12% reduction).

Minifying https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/weather-ico…/css/weather-icons.css could save 514B (13% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://static.secure.wfu.edu/css/foundation/5.5.1/foundation-grid-only.css could save 399B (12% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/themes/homepage/heater/footer.css could save 246B (12% reduction) after compression.

wfu.edu Desktop Resources

Total Resources95
Number of Hosts27
Static Resources68
JavaScript Resources28
CSS Resources12

wfu.edu Desktop Resource Breakdown

wfu.edu mobile page speed rank

Last tested: 2019-12-08


Mobile Speed Bad
40/100

wfu.edu Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary


priority - 56 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content

Your page has 12 blocking script resources and 9 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.

None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.

Remove render-blocking JavaScript:

https://cdn.polyfill.io/v2/polyfill.min.js
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=1.12.4-wp
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=1.4.1
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/js/homepage_v2.min.js
https://static.secure.wfu.edu/js/alert.js
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/waypoints/4…query.waypoints.min.js
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/waypoints/4…hortcuts/inview.min.js
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/js/site_improve_priority.js
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/themes/homepage/js/search_ajax.js?ver=1.0
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/themes/homepage/js/wp_ajax.js?ver=1.0
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/themes/homepage/js/load_more.js?ver=1.0
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=5.3

Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:

https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/plugins/wfu-widget-…r/css/main.css?ver=5.3
https://cloud.typography.com/7472334/7046972/css/fonts.css
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/jquery.slick/1.3.6/slick.css
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/weather-ico…/css/weather-icons.css
https://cloud.typography.com/7472334/7046972/css/fonts.css
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/themes/homepage/heater/footer.css
https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Frank+Ruhl+Libre:400,700
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/css/homepage_v2.min.css
https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/plugins/tablepress/…ault.min.css?ver=1.9.2

priority - 56 Optimize images

Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.

Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 546.1KiB (42% reduction).

Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/09/20190913FootballUNC7038-1400-2.jpg could save 130.3KiB (35% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/11/relax-640.jpg could save 78.4KiB (47% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/09/20170602wakedowntown078-crop.jpg could save 70.6KiB (49% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/09/20190410campus0030-640.jpg could save 68.3KiB (53% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/11/20191106class1216-640.jpg could save 64.3KiB (48% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/08/20170227OPCD1563-650.jpg could save 59.4KiB (47% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/11/20181115turkeypalooza2931-470.jpg could save 41.1KiB (51% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/08/homepage_mbl1.jpg could save 12.7KiB (19% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/09/Im-A-Fan.png could save 10KiB (36% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/C2C-footer.jpg could save 3.9KiB (25% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/Magnolia-footer.jpg could save 3.7KiB (29% reduction).
Compressing https://pprd.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/2019/08/Shield2.png could save 1.3KiB (31% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/Winston-Salem-footer.png could save 1.1KiB (42% reduction).
Compressing https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/shield-divider.png could save 859B (52% reduction).

priority - 26 Avoid landing page redirects

Your page has 2 redirects. Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded.

Avoid landing page redirects for the following chain of redirected URLs.

http://wfu.edu/
http://www.wfu.edu/
https://www.wfu.edu/

priority - 13 Leverage browser caching

Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.

Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:

https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/css/homepage_v2.min.css (expiration not specified)
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/C2C-footer.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/Magnolia-footer.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/Winston-Salem-footer.png (expiration not specified)
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/images/shield-divider.png (expiration not specified)
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/js/homepage_v2.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/js/site_improve_priority.js (expiration not specified)
https://static.secure.wfu.edu/images/_heater/_footer/wfu-footer-logo.svg (1 second)
https://static.secure.wfu.edu/images/_heater/wfu-logo.svg (1 second)
https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-882013.js?sv=5 (60 seconds)
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-T975WM2 (15 minutes)
https://static.secure.wfu.edu/css/alert.css (60 minutes)
https://static.secure.wfu.edu/css/foundation/5.5.1/foundation-grid-only.css (60 minutes)
https://static.secure.wfu.edu/fonts/default/581769/0B2BDD21864FA4549.css (60 minutes)
https://static.secure.wfu.edu/js/alert.js (60 minutes)
https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/conversion_async.js (60 minutes)
https://ssl.google-analytics.com/ga.js (2 hours)

priority - 8 Prioritize visible content

Your page requires additional network round trips to render the above-the-fold content. For best performance, reduce the amount of HTML needed to render above-the-fold content.

The entire HTML response was not sufficient to render the above-the-fold content. This usually indicates that additional resources, loaded after HTML parsing, were required to render above-the-fold content. Prioritize visible content that is needed for rendering above-the-fold by including it directly in the HTML response.

Only about 19% of the final above-the-fold content could be rendered with the full HTML response.
Click to see the screenshot with only the HTML response:

priority - 7 Minify JavaScript

Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.

Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 65.5KiB (41% reduction).

Minifying https://prod.wp.cdn.aws.wfu.edu/assets/js/homepage_v2.min.js could save 65.2KiB (41% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/themes/homepage/js/search_ajax.js?ver=1.0 could save 159B (29% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/waypoints/4…hortcuts/inview.min.js could save 131B (20% reduction) after compression.

priority - 0 Minify HTML

Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 2KiB (15% reduction).

Minifying https://www.wfu.edu/ could save 2KiB (15% reduction) after compression.

priority - 0 Minify CSS

Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.1KiB (12% reduction).

Minifying https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/weather-ico…/css/weather-icons.css could save 514B (13% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://static.secure.wfu.edu/css/foundation/5.5.1/foundation-grid-only.css could save 399B (12% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.wfu.edu/wp-content/themes/homepage/heater/footer.css could save 246B (12% reduction) after compression.

wfu.edu Mobile Resources

Total Resources79
Number of Hosts24
Static Resources60
JavaScript Resources19
CSS Resources11

wfu.edu Mobile Resource Breakdown

wfu.edu mobile page usability

Last tested: 2019-12-08


Mobile Usability Good
98/100

wfu.edu Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary


priority - 1 Size tap targets appropriately

Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.

The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.

The tap target <button class="video_controls"></button> is close to 1 other tap targets.

The tap target <a href="https://instag…m/wfuniversity"></a> and 1 others are close to other tap targets.
The tap target <a href="https://facebook.com"></a> and 1 others are close to other tap targets.
The tap target <a href="https://admissions.wfu.edu/" class="footer_1_link_1">Admissions</a> and 17 others are close to other tap targets.

wfu.edu similar domains

Similar domains:
www.wfu.com
www.wfu.net
www.wfu.org
www.wfu.info
www.wfu.biz
www.wfu.us
www.wfu.mobi
www.fu.edu
www.wfu.edu
www.qfu.edu
www.wqfu.edu
www.qwfu.edu
www.afu.edu
www.wafu.edu
www.awfu.edu
www.sfu.edu
www.wsfu.edu
www.swfu.edu
www.efu.edu
www.wefu.edu
www.ewfu.edu
www.wu.edu
www.wcu.edu
www.wfcu.edu
www.wcfu.edu
www.wdu.edu
www.wfdu.edu
www.wdfu.edu
www.wru.edu
www.wfru.edu
www.wrfu.edu
www.wtu.edu
www.wftu.edu
www.wtfu.edu
www.wgu.edu
www.wfgu.edu
www.wgfu.edu
www.wvu.edu
www.wfvu.edu
www.wvfu.edu
www.wf.edu
www.wfy.edu
www.wfuy.edu
www.wfyu.edu
www.wfh.edu
www.wfuh.edu
www.wfhu.edu
www.wfj.edu
www.wfuj.edu
www.wfju.edu
www.wfi.edu
www.wfui.edu
www.wfiu.edu

wfu.edu Ping

Ping is a networking utility tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It is a diagnostic that checks reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. In a computer network, a ping test is a way of sending messages from one host to another. Aside from checking if the host is connected to a network, ping also gives indicators of the reliability and general speed of the connection.


wfu.edu TRACEROUTE

Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an IP network from source to destination. Traceroute also records the time taken for each hop the packet makes during its route to the destination. Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets with variable time to live values. The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop.