childwelfare.gov website information.
childwelfare.gov domain name is registered by .GOV top-level domain registry. See the other sites registred in .GOV domain zone.
Following name servers are specified for childwelfare.gov domain:
- rh120ns1.368.dhhs.gov
- rh120ns2.368.dhhs.gov
- rh202ns1.355.dhhs.gov
- rh202ns2.355.dhhs.gov
and probably website childwelfare.gov is hosted by WIKIMEDIA - Wikimedia Foundation Inc., US web hosting company. Check the complete list of other most popular websites hosted by WIKIMEDIA - Wikimedia Foundation Inc., US hosting company.
According to Alexa traffic rank the highest website childwelfare.gov position was 7152 (in the world). The lowest Alexa rank position was 7983. Now website childwelfare.gov ranked in Alexa database as number 7258 (in the world).
Website childwelfare.gov Desktop speed measurement score (77/100) is better than the results of 63.93% of other sites shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.
childwelfare.gov Mobile usability score (88/100) is better than the results of 28.85% of other sites and means that the page is mobile-friendly.
Mobile speed measurement score of childwelfare.gov (64/100) is better than the results of 64.03% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.
Weekly Rank Report
| Date | Rank | Change |
|---|---|---|
| Nov-19-2024 | N/A | N/A |
| Nov-18-2024 | 7,258 | 48 |
| Nov-17-2024 | 7,306 | -46 |
| Nov-16-2024 | 7,260 | 57 |
| Nov-15-2024 | 7,317 | -6 |
| Nov-14-2024 | 7,311 | 28 |
| Nov-13-2024 | 7,339 | 0 |
Advertisement
childwelfare.gov Rank History
Alexa can identify the popularity of a website as well as its competitors. It is important for website owners and bloggers to know their Alexa ranking because it shows how many visitors have viewed their web page. It gives them a clear idea of how popular their website is on the internet and the ranking of their competitors.
childwelfare.gov whois
WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information.
Domain Name: childwelfare.gov
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.nic.gov
Registrar URL: https://get.gov
Updated Date: 2024-03-04T13:18:30Z
Creation Date: 2006-04-26T20:06:11Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2025-04-26T20:06:11Z
Registrar: Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
Registrar IANA ID: 8888888
Registrar Abuse Contact Email:
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone:
Domain Status: serverTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited
Registry Registrant ID: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Email: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registry Admin ID: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Email: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registry Tech ID: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Email: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registry Security ID: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Security Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Security Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Security Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Security City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Security State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Security Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Security Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Security Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Security Email: responsibledisclosure@hhs.gov
Name Server: ns11.hhs.gov
Name Server: ns12.hhs.gov
DNSSEC: signedDelegation
>>> Last update of WHOIS database: 2024-09-19T09:17:13Z
childwelfare.gov server information
childwelfare.gov desktop page speed rank
Last tested: 2016-11-08
childwelfare.gov Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 12 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/css/Open_Sans_400_600_300.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/css/mura.6.1.1.min.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/css/shadowbox.min.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…ap/js/bootstrap.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…ets/slick/slick.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…05F88F0CB7BE368195.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…3BAECCE3DBCF26DAC1.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…F27641C2996EF60AC17.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…link-block-explore.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…nk-block-find-help.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…lock-how-to-report.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…-block-our-mission.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…/link-block-search.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…ocialmedia/fb-icon.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…media/twitter-icon.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…media/youtube-icon.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…h/images/stability.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/jquery/jquery.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/js/adapter/shadowbox-jquery.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/js/global.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/js/shadowbox.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/cwig/assets/image/exitdisclaimer.gif (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/cwig/js/ga.js (expiration not specified)
priority - 8 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 4 blocking script resources and 5 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/js/global.js
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/js/adapter/shadowbox-jquery.min.js
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/js/shadowbox.min.js
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…05F88F0CB7BE368195.css
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…3BAECCE3DBCF26DAC1.css
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/css/Open_Sans_400_600_300.css
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/css/shadowbox.min.css
priority - 4 Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 43.1KiB (76% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/css/shadowbox.min.css could save 1.3KiB (66% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/assets/file/externalLink.js could save 1.1KiB (54% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/js/adapter/shadowbox-jquery.min.js could save 544B (50% reduction).
priority - 2 Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 23.7KiB (50% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…eau.png?20141213103448 could save 1.5KiB (31% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…h/images/stability.jpg could save 975B (14% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…media/twitter-icon.png could save 910B (57% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…nk-block-find-help.png could save 882B (43% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…lock-how-to-report.png could save 817B (39% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…ocialmedia/fb-icon.png could save 776B (50% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…link-block-explore.png could save 762B (34% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…way.png?20141213103448 could save 750B (14% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…/link-block-search.png could save 710B (34% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…media/youtube-icon.png could save 569B (36% reduction).
priority - 1 Minify HTML
Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 12KiB (24% reduction).
priority - 0 Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 2.9KiB (35% reduction).
Minifying https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/assets/file/externalLink.js could save 755B (37% reduction).
childwelfare.gov Desktop Resources
| Total Resources | 36 |
| Number of Hosts | 3 |
| Static Resources | 24 |
| JavaScript Resources | 9 |
| CSS Resources | 5 |
childwelfare.gov Desktop Resource Breakdown
childwelfare.gov mobile page speed rank
Last tested: 2016-11-08
childwelfare.gov Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 32 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 4 blocking script resources and 5 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/js/global.js
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/js/adapter/shadowbox-jquery.min.js
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/js/shadowbox.min.js
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…05F88F0CB7BE368195.css
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…3BAECCE3DBCF26DAC1.css
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/css/Open_Sans_400_600_300.css
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/css/shadowbox.min.css
priority - 18 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/css/Open_Sans_400_600_300.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/css/mura.6.1.1.min.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/css/shadowbox.min.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…ap/js/bootstrap.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…ets/slick/slick.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…05F88F0CB7BE368195.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…3BAECCE3DBCF26DAC1.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…F27641C2996EF60AC17.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…link-block-explore.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…nk-block-find-help.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…lock-how-to-report.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…-block-our-mission.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…/link-block-search.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…ocialmedia/fb-icon.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…media/twitter-icon.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…media/youtube-icon.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…h/images/stability.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/jquery/jquery.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/js/adapter/shadowbox-jquery.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/js/global.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/js/shadowbox.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/cwig/assets/image/exitdisclaimer.gif (expiration not specified)
https://www.childwelfare.gov/cwig/js/ga.js (expiration not specified)
priority - 4 Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 43.1KiB (76% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/css/shadowbox.min.css could save 1.3KiB (66% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/assets/file/externalLink.js could save 1.1KiB (54% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/js/adapter/shadowbox-jquery.min.js could save 544B (50% reduction).
priority - 2 Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 23KiB (53% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…eau.png?20141213103448 could save 1.5KiB (31% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…h/images/stability.jpg could save 975B (14% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…media/twitter-icon.png could save 910B (57% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…nk-block-find-help.png could save 882B (43% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…lock-how-to-report.png could save 817B (39% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…ocialmedia/fb-icon.png could save 776B (50% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…link-block-explore.png could save 762B (34% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…/link-block-search.png could save 710B (34% reduction).
Compressing https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/includes/themes/…media/youtube-icon.png could save 569B (36% reduction).
priority - 1 Minify HTML
Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 12KiB (24% reduction).
priority - 0 Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 2.9KiB (35% reduction).
Minifying https://www.childwelfare.gov/CWIG/assets/file/externalLink.js could save 755B (37% reduction).
childwelfare.gov Mobile Resources
| Total Resources | 35 |
| Number of Hosts | 3 |
| Static Resources | 24 |
| JavaScript Resources | 9 |
| CSS Resources | 5 |
childwelfare.gov Mobile Resource Breakdown
childwelfare.gov mobile page usability
Last tested: 2016-11-08
childwelfare.gov Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary
priority - 12 Size tap targets appropriately
Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.
The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.
<a href="https://www.ac…ce-awards-2016" class="learn-more">VIEW THE RECIPIENTS</a> and 3 others are close to other tap targets.<li class="slick-active">Go to slide: N…ion Month 2016</li> and 4 others are close to other tap targets.<button type="button">Go to slide: N…ion Month 2016</button> is close to 2 other tap targets.<button type="button">Go to slide: 2016 AEA Awardees</button> and 3 others are close to other tap targets.The tap target
<a href="http://www.acf…ov/programs/cb">Children’s Bureau</a> and 2 others are close to other tap targets.The tap target
<a href="/topics/famcentered/">Family-Centered Practice</a> and 45 others are close to other tap targets.The tap target
<a href="/aboutus/" class="section-landing">ABOUT US</a> is close to 1 other tap targets.The tap target
<a href="/disclaimer/" class="extLinkIcon"></a> and 9 others are close to other tap targets.childwelfare.gov similar domains
www.childwelfare.net
www.childwelfare.org
www.childwelfare.info
www.childwelfare.biz
www.childwelfare.us
www.childwelfare.mobi
www.hildwelfare.gov
www.childwelfare.gov
www.xhildwelfare.gov
www.cxhildwelfare.gov
www.xchildwelfare.gov
www.dhildwelfare.gov
www.cdhildwelfare.gov
www.dchildwelfare.gov
www.fhildwelfare.gov
www.cfhildwelfare.gov
www.fchildwelfare.gov
www.vhildwelfare.gov
www.cvhildwelfare.gov
www.vchildwelfare.gov
www.cildwelfare.gov
www.cbildwelfare.gov
www.chbildwelfare.gov
www.cbhildwelfare.gov
www.cgildwelfare.gov
www.chgildwelfare.gov
www.cghildwelfare.gov
www.cyildwelfare.gov
www.chyildwelfare.gov
www.cyhildwelfare.gov
www.cuildwelfare.gov
www.chuildwelfare.gov
www.cuhildwelfare.gov
www.cjildwelfare.gov
www.chjildwelfare.gov
www.cjhildwelfare.gov
www.cnildwelfare.gov
www.chnildwelfare.gov
www.cnhildwelfare.gov
www.chldwelfare.gov
www.chuldwelfare.gov
www.chiuldwelfare.gov
www.chjldwelfare.gov
www.chijldwelfare.gov
www.chkldwelfare.gov
www.chikldwelfare.gov
www.chkildwelfare.gov
www.choldwelfare.gov
www.chioldwelfare.gov
www.choildwelfare.gov
www.chidwelfare.gov
www.chipdwelfare.gov
www.chilpdwelfare.gov
www.chipldwelfare.gov
www.chiodwelfare.gov
www.chilodwelfare.gov
www.chikdwelfare.gov
www.chilkdwelfare.gov
www.chilwelfare.gov
www.chilxwelfare.gov
www.childxwelfare.gov
www.chilxdwelfare.gov
www.chilswelfare.gov
www.childswelfare.gov
www.chilsdwelfare.gov
www.chilewelfare.gov
www.childewelfare.gov
www.chiledwelfare.gov
www.chilrwelfare.gov
www.childrwelfare.gov
www.chilrdwelfare.gov
www.chilfwelfare.gov
www.childfwelfare.gov
www.chilfdwelfare.gov
www.chilcwelfare.gov
www.childcwelfare.gov
www.chilcdwelfare.gov
www.childelfare.gov
www.childqelfare.gov
www.childwqelfare.gov
www.childqwelfare.gov
www.childaelfare.gov
www.childwaelfare.gov
www.childawelfare.gov
www.childselfare.gov
www.childwselfare.gov
www.childeelfare.gov
www.childweelfare.gov
www.childwlfare.gov
www.childwwlfare.gov
www.childwewlfare.gov
www.childwwelfare.gov
www.childwslfare.gov
www.childweslfare.gov
www.childwdlfare.gov
www.childwedlfare.gov
www.childwdelfare.gov
www.childwrlfare.gov
www.childwerlfare.gov
www.childwrelfare.gov
www.childwefare.gov
www.childwepfare.gov
www.childwelpfare.gov
www.childweplfare.gov
www.childweofare.gov
www.childwelofare.gov
www.childweolfare.gov
www.childwekfare.gov
www.childwelkfare.gov
www.childweklfare.gov
www.childwelare.gov
www.childwelcare.gov
www.childwelfcare.gov
www.childwelcfare.gov
www.childweldare.gov
www.childwelfdare.gov
www.childweldfare.gov
www.childwelrare.gov
www.childwelfrare.gov
www.childwelrfare.gov
www.childweltare.gov
www.childwelftare.gov
www.childweltfare.gov
www.childwelgare.gov
www.childwelfgare.gov
www.childwelgfare.gov
www.childwelvare.gov
www.childwelfvare.gov
www.childwelvfare.gov
www.childwelfre.gov
www.childwelfqre.gov
www.childwelfaqre.gov
www.childwelfqare.gov
www.childwelfwre.gov
www.childwelfawre.gov
www.childwelfware.gov
www.childwelfsre.gov
www.childwelfasre.gov
www.childwelfsare.gov
www.childwelfzre.gov
www.childwelfazre.gov
www.childwelfzare.gov
www.childwelfae.gov
www.childwelfaee.gov
www.childwelfaree.gov
www.childwelfaere.gov
www.childwelfade.gov
www.childwelfarde.gov
www.childwelfadre.gov
www.childwelfafe.gov
www.childwelfarfe.gov
www.childwelfafre.gov
www.childwelfate.gov
www.childwelfarte.gov
www.childwelfatre.gov
www.childwelfar.gov
www.childwelfarw.gov
www.childwelfarew.gov
www.childwelfarwe.gov
www.childwelfars.gov
www.childwelfares.gov
www.childwelfarse.gov
www.childwelfard.gov
www.childwelfared.gov
www.childwelfarr.gov
www.childwelfarer.gov
www.childwelfarre.gov
childwelfare.gov Ping
Ping is a networking utility tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It is a diagnostic that checks reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. In a computer network, a ping test is a way of sending messages from one host to another. Aside from checking if the host is connected to a network, ping also gives indicators of the reliability and general speed of the connection.
childwelfare.gov TRACEROUTE
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an IP network from source to destination. Traceroute also records the time taken for each hop the packet makes during its route to the destination. Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets with variable time to live values. The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop.