elateridae.com website information.
elateridae.com domain name is registered by .COM top-level domain registry. See the other sites registred in .COM domain zone.
No name server records were found.
and probably website elateridae.com is hosted by CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US web hosting company. Check the complete list of other most popular websites hosted by CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US hosting company.
According to Alexa traffic rank the highest website elateridae.com position was 103126 (in the world). The lowest Alexa rank position was 990452. Now website elateridae.com ranked in Alexa database as number 254607 (in the world).
Website elateridae.com Desktop speed measurement score (71/100) is better than the results of 52.66% of other sites shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.
elateridae.com Mobile usability score (62/100) is better than the results of 7.29% of other sites and shows that the page mobile usability is poor and can be improved.
Mobile speed measurement score of elateridae.com (61/100) is better than the results of 57.04% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.
Weekly Rank Report
Date | Rank | Change |
---|---|---|
Nov-16-2024 | 254,607 | -3,833 |
Nov-15-2024 | 250,774 | 2,816 |
Nov-14-2024 | 253,590 | -10,787 |
Nov-13-2024 | 242,803 | 0 |
Nov-12-2024 | 242,803 | 0 |
Nov-11-2024 | 242,803 | 0 |
Nov-10-2024 | 242,803 | 140 |
Advertisement
elateridae.com Rank History
Alexa can identify the popularity of a website as well as its competitors. It is important for website owners and bloggers to know their Alexa ranking because it shows how many visitors have viewed their web page. It gives them a clear idea of how popular their website is on the internet and the ranking of their competitors.
elateridae.com whois
WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information.
Domain Name: ELATERIDAE.COM
Registry Domain ID: 109865772_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.wedos.com
Registrar URL: http://www.wedos.com
Updated Date: 2022-11-18T04:51:01Z
Creation Date: 2004-01-14T08:25:24Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2025-01-14T08:25:24Z
Registrar: WEDOS Internet, a.s.
Registrar IANA ID: 3860
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: abuse@wedos.com
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +420 380 999 333
Domain Status: ok https://icann.org/epp#ok
Name Server: NS.WEDOS.COM
Name Server: NS.WEDOS.CZ
Name Server: NS.WEDOS.EU
Name Server: NS.WEDOS.NET
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of whois database: 2022-12-10T00:44:47Z
elateridae.com server information
Servers Location
IP Address |
---|
Country |
---|
elateridae.com desktop page speed rank
Last tested: 2019-02-22
elateridae.com Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 16 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
http://elateridae.com/ico/elateridae_ico.gif (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/ban_samek.gif (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/1_mal.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/becva.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/c_anticus_miniatura.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/fig1_microrhagus_mal.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/horni_luzice_mal.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/maly-potemnik.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/mapka.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/miniatura.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/miniatura.png (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/miniaturka.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/nosodendron.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_2_mal.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_3_mal.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_5_mal.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/phloiophilus.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/scarabeus_mal.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/coppermine/albums/use…ranov_25_3_2007_06.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/menu/ctv_menu.gif (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/menu/ctv_news.gif (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/menu/ctv_page.gif (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/menu/podmenuc.gif (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/min/abelater_infimuus.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/nature//nahled/cardiophorus_anticus_1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/nature//nahled/cardiophorus_anticus_2.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/uk.gif (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/rss/rss_icon32.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.googletagservices.com/activeview/js/cu…osd.js?cb=%2Fr20100101 (50 minutes)
http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js (60 minutes)
priority - 15 Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 150.5KiB (85% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/elateridae.css could save 16KiB (79% reduction).
priority - 4 Prioritize visible content
Your page requires additional network round trips to render the above-the-fold content. For best performance, reduce the amount of HTML needed to render above-the-fold content.
156.5KiB of the HTML response was required to render the above-the-fold content. This requires 4 network round-trips. However, if the HTML response were compressed, then the HTML required to render the above-the-fold content could be delivered in just 2 network round-trips. Enable compression for the HTML response in order to prioritize the visible content for this page.
priority - 2 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 1 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
priority - 2 Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 18.6KiB (27% reduction).
Compressing http://clustrmaps.com/counter/index2.php?url=http://www.elateridae.com/ could save 4.9KiB (31% reduction).
Compressing http://s05.flagcounter.com/count/0z7N/bg=FFFFFF/tx…/labels=1/pageviews=1/ could save 1.4KiB (25% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/phloiophilus.jpg could save 402B (23% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/miniaturka.jpg could save 401B (16% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/scarabeus_mal.jpg could save 393B (20% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/miniatura.jpg could save 391B (23% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/mapka.jpg could save 390B (25% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/nosodendron.jpg could save 390B (24% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_3_mal.jpg could save 390B (18% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_1.jpg could save 388B (20% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/horni_luzice_mal.jpg could save 386B (16% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/maly-potemnik.jpg could save 385B (20% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_5_mal.jpg could save 384B (22% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_2_mal.jpg could save 383B (21% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/becva.jpg could save 380B (22% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/1_mal.jpg could save 377B (24% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/fig1_microrhagus_mal.jpg could save 374B (22% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/nature//nahled/cardiophorus_anticus_1.jpg could save 371B (20% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/c_anticus_miniatura.jpg could save 362B (20% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/min/abelater_infimuus.jpg could save 322B (14% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/nature//nahled/cardiophorus_anticus_2.jpg could save 254B (15% reduction).
priority - 1 Minify CSS
Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 7KiB (35% reduction).
elateridae.com Desktop Resources
Total Resources | 45 |
Number of Hosts | 11 |
Static Resources | 35 |
JavaScript Resources | 5 |
CSS Resources | 1 |
elateridae.com Desktop Resource Breakdown
elateridae.com mobile page speed rank
Last tested: 2019-02-22
elateridae.com Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 24 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
http://elateridae.com/ico/elateridae_ico.gif (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/ban_samek.gif (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/1_mal.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/becva.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/c_anticus_miniatura.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/fig1_microrhagus_mal.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/horni_luzice_mal.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/maly-potemnik.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/mapka.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/miniatura.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/miniatura.png (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/miniaturka.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/nosodendron.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_2_mal.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_3_mal.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_5_mal.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/phloiophilus.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/books/scarabeus_mal.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/coppermine/albums/use…ranov_25_3_2007_06.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/menu/ctv_menu.gif (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/menu/ctv_news.gif (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/menu/ctv_page.gif (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/menu/podmenuc.gif (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/min/abelater_infimuus.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/nature//nahled/cardiophorus_anticus_1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/nature//nahled/cardiophorus_anticus_2.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/images/uk.gif (expiration not specified)
http://elateridae.com/rss/rss_icon32.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.googletagservices.com/activeview/js/cu…osd.js?cb=%2Fr20100101 (50 minutes)
http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js (60 minutes)
priority - 16 Prioritize visible content
Your page requires additional network round trips to render the above-the-fold content. For best performance, reduce the amount of HTML needed to render above-the-fold content.
156.5KiB of the HTML response was required to render the above-the-fold content. This requires 4 network round-trips. However, if the HTML response were compressed, then the HTML required to render the above-the-fold content could be delivered in just 2 network round-trips. Enable compression for the HTML response in order to prioritize the visible content for this page.
priority - 15 Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 150.5KiB (85% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/elateridae.css could save 16KiB (79% reduction).
priority - 8 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 1 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
priority - 2 Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 18.1KiB (27% reduction).
Compressing http://clustrmaps.com/counter/index2.php?url=http://www.elateridae.com/ could save 4.4KiB (29% reduction).
Compressing http://s05.flagcounter.com/count/0z7N/bg=FFFFFF/tx…/labels=1/pageviews=1/ could save 1.4KiB (25% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/phloiophilus.jpg could save 402B (23% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/miniaturka.jpg could save 401B (16% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/scarabeus_mal.jpg could save 393B (20% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/miniatura.jpg could save 391B (23% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/mapka.jpg could save 390B (25% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/nosodendron.jpg could save 390B (24% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_3_mal.jpg could save 390B (18% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_1.jpg could save 388B (20% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/horni_luzice_mal.jpg could save 386B (16% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/maly-potemnik.jpg could save 385B (20% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_5_mal.jpg could save 384B (22% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/obr_2_mal.jpg could save 383B (21% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/becva.jpg could save 380B (22% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/1_mal.jpg could save 377B (24% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/fig1_microrhagus_mal.jpg could save 374B (22% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/nature//nahled/cardiophorus_anticus_1.jpg could save 371B (20% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/books/c_anticus_miniatura.jpg could save 362B (20% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/min/abelater_infimuus.jpg could save 322B (14% reduction).
Compressing http://elateridae.com/images/nature//nahled/cardiophorus_anticus_2.jpg could save 254B (15% reduction).
priority - 1 Minify CSS
Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 7KiB (35% reduction).
elateridae.com Mobile Resources
Total Resources | 45 |
Number of Hosts | 11 |
Static Resources | 35 |
JavaScript Resources | 5 |
CSS Resources | 1 |
elateridae.com Mobile Resource Breakdown
elateridae.com mobile page usability
Last tested: 2019-02-22
elateridae.com Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary
priority - 40 Use legible font sizes
The following text on your page renders in a way that may be difficult for some of your visitors to read. Use legible font sizes to provide a better user experience.
The following text fragments have a small font size. Increase the font size to make them more legible.
ELATERIDARIUM
and 5 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).Občanské sdružení
and 3 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).FOTO V PŘÍRODĚ
and 11 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).FAUNISTICKÉ MAPOVÁNÍ ČR a SR
and 11 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).TAXON. STROM
renders only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).elateridae
and 1 others render only 4 pixels tall (10 CSS pixels).NOVINKY
renders only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).• [
and 3 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).1
and 1 others render only 3 pixels tall (9 CSS pixels).10
and 17 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).Faunistické ma…n na rok 2019:
renders only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).Kdo má faunist…elateridae.com
and 10 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).Ectamenogonus…aerus tibialis
and 7 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).20.11.2018 | K…L, J. (2018) |
and 29 others render only 3 pixels tall (9 CSS pixels).Die Käferfauna…arte. Dresden.
and 16 others render only 5 pixels tall (12 CSS pixels).V této práci s…ORAVCE (2016).
and 16 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).FAUNISTICKÉ MAPOVÁNÍ ČR a SR
and 25 others render only 4 pixels tall (10 CSS pixels).Máte-li nepubl…Elateridarium.
and 15 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).Všem kolegům,…ší spolupráci!
and 11 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).http://www.elateridae.com
and 1 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).Elaterinae
renders only 4 pixels tall (10 CSS pixels).Vranov, 25.3.2007
and 6 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).22.02.2019
and 3 others render only 3 pixels tall (9 CSS pixels).• historie »
renders only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).19969
and 2 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).DRUHY
and 2 others render only 4 pixels tall (10 CSS pixels).Poslední aktua…19 (00:00:18)
and 5 others render only 3 pixels tall (9 CSS pixels).priority - 10 Configure the viewport
Your page does not have a viewport specified. This causes mobile devices to render your page as it would appear on a desktop browser, scaling it down to fit on a mobile screen. Configure a viewport to allow your page to render properly on all devices.
Configure a viewport for this page.
priority - 10 Size tap targets appropriately
Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.
The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.
<a href="http://www.elateridae.com/" class="menu2">ELATERIDAEHome Page</a>
and 3 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="index.php?kat=" class="menu1">ÚVOD</a>
and 11 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="http://www.google.com/"></a>
is close to 1 other tap targets.<input id="sbi" type="text" name="q">
and 2 others are close to other tap targets.<input id="ss0" type="radio" name="sitesearch">
and 1 others are close to other tap targets.<label for="ss0">Web</label>
and 1 others are close to other tap targets.<label for="ss0">Web</label>
and 2 others are close to other tap targets.<input id="sbb" type="submit" name="sa">
is close to 7 other tap targets.<a href="?s=20&kat=">2</a>
and 17 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="?s=20&kat=">»</a>
and 1 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="elateridarium/…ex.php?numb=18">ELATERIDARIUM</a>
and 18 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="elateridarium/…e.php?idcl=306">První nálezy k…) na Slovensku</a>
and 9 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="update.php">• historie »</a>
is close to 1 other tap targets.<a href="http://www.koreni-gastro.cz/"></a>
and 1 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="http://www.top….cz/stat/69967"></a>
and 1 others are close to other tap targets.<input id="button" type="submit" name="button" class="button">
is close to 2 other tap targets.priority - 3 Avoid plugins
Your page uses plugins, which prevents portions of your page from being used on many platforms. Find alternatives for plugin based content to increase compatibility.
Find alternatives for the following Flash plugins.
elateridae.com similar domains
www.elateridae.net
www.elateridae.org
www.elateridae.info
www.elateridae.biz
www.elateridae.us
www.elateridae.mobi
www.lateridae.com
www.elateridae.com
www.wlateridae.com
www.ewlateridae.com
www.welateridae.com
www.slateridae.com
www.eslateridae.com
www.selateridae.com
www.dlateridae.com
www.edlateridae.com
www.delateridae.com
www.rlateridae.com
www.erlateridae.com
www.relateridae.com
www.eateridae.com
www.epateridae.com
www.elpateridae.com
www.eplateridae.com
www.eoateridae.com
www.eloateridae.com
www.eolateridae.com
www.ekateridae.com
www.elkateridae.com
www.eklateridae.com
www.elteridae.com
www.elqteridae.com
www.elaqteridae.com
www.elqateridae.com
www.elwteridae.com
www.elawteridae.com
www.elwateridae.com
www.elsteridae.com
www.elasteridae.com
www.elsateridae.com
www.elzteridae.com
www.elazteridae.com
www.elzateridae.com
www.elaeridae.com
www.elareridae.com
www.elatreridae.com
www.elarteridae.com
www.elaferidae.com
www.elatferidae.com
www.elafteridae.com
www.elageridae.com
www.elatgeridae.com
www.elagteridae.com
www.elayeridae.com
www.elatyeridae.com
www.elayteridae.com
www.elatridae.com
www.elatwridae.com
www.elatewridae.com
www.elatweridae.com
www.elatsridae.com
www.elatesridae.com
www.elatseridae.com
www.elatdridae.com
www.elatedridae.com
www.elatderidae.com
www.elatrridae.com
www.elaterridae.com
www.elateidae.com
www.elateeidae.com
www.elatereidae.com
www.elateeridae.com
www.elatedidae.com
www.elaterdidae.com
www.elatefidae.com
www.elaterfidae.com
www.elatefridae.com
www.elatetidae.com
www.elatertidae.com
www.elatetridae.com
www.elaterdae.com
www.elaterudae.com
www.elateriudae.com
www.elateruidae.com
www.elaterjdae.com
www.elaterijdae.com
www.elaterjidae.com
www.elaterkdae.com
www.elaterikdae.com
www.elaterkidae.com
www.elaterodae.com
www.elateriodae.com
www.elateroidae.com
www.elateriae.com
www.elaterixae.com
www.elateridxae.com
www.elaterixdae.com
www.elaterisae.com
www.elateridsae.com
www.elaterisdae.com
www.elaterieae.com
www.elaterideae.com
www.elateriedae.com
www.elaterirae.com
www.elateridrae.com
www.elaterirdae.com
www.elaterifae.com
www.elateridfae.com
www.elaterifdae.com
www.elatericae.com
www.elateridcae.com
www.elatericdae.com
www.elateride.com
www.elateridqe.com
www.elateridaqe.com
www.elateridqae.com
www.elateridwe.com
www.elateridawe.com
www.elateridwae.com
www.elateridse.com
www.elateridase.com
www.elateridze.com
www.elateridaze.com
www.elateridzae.com
www.elaterida.com
www.elateridaw.com
www.elateridaew.com
www.elateridas.com
www.elateridaes.com
www.elateridad.com
www.elateridaed.com
www.elateridade.com
www.elateridar.com
www.elateridaer.com
www.elateridare.com
www.elateridae.con
elateridae.com Ping
Ping is a networking utility tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It is a diagnostic that checks reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. In a computer network, a ping test is a way of sending messages from one host to another. Aside from checking if the host is connected to a network, ping also gives indicators of the reliability and general speed of the connection.
elateridae.com TRACEROUTE
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an IP network from source to destination. Traceroute also records the time taken for each hop the packet makes during its route to the destination. Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets with variable time to live values. The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop.