HACKINGDISTRIBUTED.COM Hacking, Distributed


hackingdistributed.com website information.

hackingdistributed.com domain name is registered by .COM top-level domain registry. See the other sites registred in .COM domain zone.

Following name servers are specified for hackingdistributed.com domain:

  • dns1.registrar-servers.com
  • dns2.registrar-servers.com

and probably website hackingdistributed.com is hosted by AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US web hosting company. Check the complete list of other most popular websites hosted by AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US hosting company.

According to Alexa traffic rank the highest website hackingdistributed.com position was 53434 (in the world). The lowest Alexa rank position was 996666. Now website hackingdistributed.com ranked in Alexa database as number 189097 (in the world).

Website hackingdistributed.com Desktop speed measurement score (37/100) is better than the results of 12.68% of other sites shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.

hackingdistributed.com Mobile usability score (99/100) is better than the results of 79.46% of other sites and means that the page is mobile-friendly.

Mobile speed measurement score of hackingdistributed.com (59/100) is better than the results of 52.41% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.

Weekly Rank Report

DateRankChange
May-03-2024 189,097-982
May-02-2024 188,1151,538
May-01-2024 189,6531,647
Apr-30-2024 191,300-279
Apr-29-2024 191,0211,204
Apr-28-2024 192,225-1,797
Apr-27-2024 190,4281,423

Advertisement

hackingdistributed.com Rank History

Alexa can identify the popularity of a website as well as its competitors. It is important for website owners and bloggers to know their Alexa ranking because it shows how many visitors have viewed their web page. It gives them a clear idea of how popular their website is on the internet and the ranking of their competitors.



hackingdistributed.com whois

WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information.


Domain Name: HACKINGDISTRIBUTED.COM
Registry Domain ID: 1756637517_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.namecheap.com
Registrar URL: http://www.namecheap.com
Updated Date: 2021-11-09T22:09:40Z
Creation Date: 2012-11-02T20:27:49Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2022-11-02T21:27:49Z
Registrar: NameCheap, Inc.
Registrar IANA ID: 1068
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: abuse@namecheap.com
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +1.6613102107
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Name Server: DNS1.REGISTRAR-SERVERS.COM
Name Server: DNS2.REGISTRAR-SERVERS.COM
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of whois database: 2022-03-12T23:23:01Z

hackingdistributed.com server information

Servers Location

IP Address
128.84.167.32
Region
New York
City
East Ithaca

hackingdistributed.com desktop page speed rank

Last tested: 2019-06-27


Desktop Speed Bad
37/100

hackingdistributed.com Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary


priority - 154 Optimize images

Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.

Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 1.5MiB (85% reduction).

Compressing and resizing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/pp1.png could save 960.9KiB (86% reduction).
Compressing and resizing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/the-blade.jpg could save 239.4KiB (93% reduction).
Compressing and resizing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/pie1.jpg could save 130.9KiB (94% reduction).
Compressing and resizing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/pisa-tower.jpg could save 74.7KiB (85% reduction).
Compressing and resizing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/feesonusability.jpg could save 54.7KiB (77% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/egs-small3.jpg could save 24.4KiB (74% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2019-04-05-CHURP/churp1.png could save 13.5KiB (30% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/vv1.jpg could save 3.2KiB (24% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/rss-32px.png could save 1KiB (43% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/twitter-32px.png could save 926B (44% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/facebook-32px.png could save 801B (42% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/not-a-signature.png could save 667B (22% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/linkedin-32px.png could save 181B (35% reduction).

priority - 11 Leverage browser caching

Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.

Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:

http://hackingdistributed.com/css/bootstrap.css (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/css/docutils.css (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/css/style.css (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/not-a-signature.png (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/pie1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/pisa-tower.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/pp1.png (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/the-blade.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/vv1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2019-04-05-CHURP/churp1.png (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2019-bitcoin/like-such-as.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/egs-small3.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/feed-icon.png (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/feesonusability.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/facebook-32px.png (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/linkedin-32px.png (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/rss-32px.png (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/twitter-32px.png (expiration not specified)
https://cdn.syndication.twimg.com/widgets/followbu…creen_names=el33th4xor (10 minutes)
https://syndication.twitter.com/settings (10 minutes)
https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js (30 minutes)
http://stats.g.doubleclick.net/dc.js (2 hours)

priority - 10 Enable compression

Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.

Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 102KiB (67% reduction).

Compressing https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js could save 65.6KiB (70% reduction).
Compressing https://platform.twitter.com/widgets/follow_button…58149bd3f6ecb8.en.html could save 22.7KiB (62% reduction).
Compressing https://platform.twitter.com/widgets/widget_iframe…hackingdistributed.com could save 9.2KiB (61% reduction).
Compressing https://platform.twitter.com/js/button.509719336ca39171c37a321231ccaf83.js could save 4.5KiB (66% reduction).

priority - 6 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content

Your page has 5 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.

None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.

Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:

http://hackingdistributed.com/css/bootstrap.css
http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:4…alic,700italic,400,700
http://hackingdistributed.com/css/docutils.css
http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Arvo%7CPT+Sans:400,700,400italic
http://hackingdistributed.com/css/style.css

priority - 2 Prioritize visible content

Your page requires additional network round trips to render the above-the-fold content. For best performance, reduce the amount of HTML needed to render above-the-fold content.

The entire HTML response was not sufficient to render the above-the-fold content. This usually indicates that additional resources, loaded after HTML parsing, were required to render above-the-fold content. Prioritize visible content that is needed for rendering above-the-fold by including it directly in the HTML response.

Only about 66% of the final above-the-fold content could be rendered with the full HTML response.
Click to see the screenshot with only the HTML response:

priority - 0 Minify CSS

Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.2KiB (30% reduction).

Minifying http://hackingdistributed.com/css/style.css could save 646B (29% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://hackingdistributed.com/css/docutils.css could save 563B (31% reduction) after compression.

hackingdistributed.com Desktop Resources

Total Resources33
Number of Hosts7
Static Resources25
JavaScript Resources5
CSS Resources5

hackingdistributed.com Desktop Resource Breakdown

hackingdistributed.com mobile page speed rank

Last tested: 2019-08-22


Mobile Speed Bad
59/100

hackingdistributed.com Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary


priority - 24 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content

Your page has 5 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.

None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.

Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:

http://hackingdistributed.com/css/bootstrap.css
http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:4…alic,700italic,400,700
http://hackingdistributed.com/css/docutils.css
http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Arvo%7CPT+Sans:400,700,400italic
http://hackingdistributed.com/css/style.css

priority - 16 Leverage browser caching

Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.

Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:

http://hackingdistributed.com/css/bootstrap.css (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/css/docutils.css (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/css/style.css (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/not-a-signature.png (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/pie1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/pisa-tower.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/pp1.png (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/the-blade.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/vv1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2019-04-05-CHURP/churp1.png (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2019-bitcoin/like-such-as.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/egs-small3.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/feed-icon.png (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/feesonusability.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/facebook-32px.png (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/linkedin-32px.png (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/rss-32px.png (expiration not specified)
http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/twitter-32px.png (expiration not specified)
https://cdn.syndication.twimg.com/widgets/followbu…creen_names=el33th4xor (10 minutes)
https://syndication.twitter.com/settings (10 minutes)
https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js (30 minutes)
http://stats.g.doubleclick.net/dc.js (2 hours)

priority - 14 Optimize images

Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.

Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 141.4KiB (29% reduction).

Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/the-blade.jpg could save 69.9KiB (28% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/pie1.jpg could save 26.8KiB (20% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/egs-small3.jpg could save 24.4KiB (74% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2019-04-05-CHURP/churp1.png could save 13.5KiB (30% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/vv1.jpg could save 3.2KiB (24% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/rss-32px.png could save 1KiB (43% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/twitter-32px.png could save 926B (44% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/facebook-32px.png could save 801B (42% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/2017-bitcoin/not-a-signature.png could save 667B (22% reduction).
Compressing http://hackingdistributed.com/images/generic-pool/linkedin-32px.png could save 181B (35% reduction).

priority - 10 Enable compression

Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.

Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 102KiB (67% reduction).

Compressing https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js could save 65.6KiB (70% reduction).
Compressing https://platform.twitter.com/widgets/follow_button…2a39a892838d66.en.html could save 22.7KiB (62% reduction).
Compressing https://platform.twitter.com/widgets/widget_iframe…hackingdistributed.com could save 9.2KiB (61% reduction).
Compressing https://platform.twitter.com/js/button.509719336ca39171c37a321231ccaf83.js could save 4.5KiB (66% reduction).

priority - 8 Prioritize visible content

Your page requires additional network round trips to render the above-the-fold content. For best performance, reduce the amount of HTML needed to render above-the-fold content.

The entire HTML response was not sufficient to render the above-the-fold content. This usually indicates that additional resources, loaded after HTML parsing, were required to render above-the-fold content. Prioritize visible content that is needed for rendering above-the-fold by including it directly in the HTML response.

Only about 49% of the final above-the-fold content could be rendered with the full HTML response.
Click to see the screenshot with only the HTML response:

priority - 0 Minify CSS

Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.2KiB (30% reduction).

Minifying http://hackingdistributed.com/css/style.css could save 646B (29% reduction) after compression.
Minifying http://hackingdistributed.com/css/docutils.css could save 563B (31% reduction) after compression.

hackingdistributed.com Mobile Resources

Total Resources33
Number of Hosts7
Static Resources25
JavaScript Resources5
CSS Resources5

hackingdistributed.com Mobile Resource Breakdown

hackingdistributed.com mobile page usability

Last tested: 2019-08-22


Mobile Usability Good
99/100

hackingdistributed.com Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary


priority - 0 Size tap targets appropriately

Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.

The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.

The tap target <a href="/page/2/">more...</a> is close to 1 other tap targets.

hackingdistributed.com similar domains

Similar domains:
www.hackingdistributed.com
www.hackingdistributed.net
www.hackingdistributed.org
www.hackingdistributed.info
www.hackingdistributed.biz
www.hackingdistributed.us
www.hackingdistributed.mobi
www.ackingdistributed.com
www.hackingdistributed.com
www.backingdistributed.com
www.hbackingdistributed.com
www.bhackingdistributed.com
www.gackingdistributed.com
www.hgackingdistributed.com
www.ghackingdistributed.com
www.yackingdistributed.com
www.hyackingdistributed.com
www.yhackingdistributed.com
www.uackingdistributed.com
www.huackingdistributed.com
www.uhackingdistributed.com
www.jackingdistributed.com
www.hjackingdistributed.com
www.jhackingdistributed.com
www.nackingdistributed.com
www.hnackingdistributed.com
www.nhackingdistributed.com
www.hckingdistributed.com
www.hqckingdistributed.com
www.haqckingdistributed.com
www.hqackingdistributed.com
www.hwckingdistributed.com
www.hawckingdistributed.com
www.hwackingdistributed.com
www.hsckingdistributed.com
www.hasckingdistributed.com
www.hsackingdistributed.com
www.hzckingdistributed.com
www.hazckingdistributed.com
www.hzackingdistributed.com
www.hakingdistributed.com
www.haxkingdistributed.com
www.hacxkingdistributed.com
www.haxckingdistributed.com
www.hadkingdistributed.com
www.hacdkingdistributed.com
www.hadckingdistributed.com
www.hafkingdistributed.com
www.hacfkingdistributed.com
www.hafckingdistributed.com
www.havkingdistributed.com
www.hacvkingdistributed.com
www.havckingdistributed.com
www.hacingdistributed.com
www.hacjingdistributed.com
www.hackjingdistributed.com
www.hacjkingdistributed.com
www.haciingdistributed.com
www.hackiingdistributed.com
www.hacikingdistributed.com
www.hacmingdistributed.com
www.hackmingdistributed.com
www.hacmkingdistributed.com
www.haclingdistributed.com
www.hacklingdistributed.com
www.haclkingdistributed.com
www.hacoingdistributed.com
www.hackoingdistributed.com
www.hacokingdistributed.com
www.hackngdistributed.com
www.hackungdistributed.com
www.hackiungdistributed.com
www.hackuingdistributed.com
www.hackjngdistributed.com
www.hackijngdistributed.com
www.hackkngdistributed.com
www.hackikngdistributed.com
www.hackkingdistributed.com
www.hackongdistributed.com
www.hackiongdistributed.com
www.hackigdistributed.com
www.hackibgdistributed.com
www.hackinbgdistributed.com
www.hackibngdistributed.com
www.hackihgdistributed.com
www.hackinhgdistributed.com
www.hackihngdistributed.com
www.hackijgdistributed.com
www.hackinjgdistributed.com
www.hackimgdistributed.com
www.hackinmgdistributed.com
www.hackimngdistributed.com
www.hackindistributed.com
www.hackinfdistributed.com
www.hackingfdistributed.com
www.hackinfgdistributed.com
www.hackinvdistributed.com
www.hackingvdistributed.com
www.hackinvgdistributed.com
www.hackintdistributed.com
www.hackingtdistributed.com
www.hackintgdistributed.com
www.hackinbdistributed.com
www.hackingbdistributed.com
www.hackinydistributed.com
www.hackingydistributed.com
www.hackinygdistributed.com
www.hackinhdistributed.com
www.hackinghdistributed.com
www.hackingistributed.com
www.hackingxistributed.com
www.hackingdxistributed.com
www.hackingxdistributed.com
www.hackingsistributed.com
www.hackingdsistributed.com
www.hackingsdistributed.com
www.hackingeistributed.com
www.hackingdeistributed.com
www.hackingedistributed.com
www.hackingristributed.com
www.hackingdristributed.com
www.hackingrdistributed.com
www.hackingfistributed.com
www.hackingdfistributed.com
www.hackingcistributed.com
www.hackingdcistributed.com
www.hackingcdistributed.com
www.hackingdstributed.com
www.hackingdustributed.com
www.hackingdiustributed.com
www.hackingduistributed.com
www.hackingdjstributed.com
www.hackingdijstributed.com
www.hackingdjistributed.com
www.hackingdkstributed.com
www.hackingdikstributed.com
www.hackingdkistributed.com
www.hackingdostributed.com
www.hackingdiostributed.com
www.hackingdoistributed.com
www.hackingditributed.com
www.hackingdiwtributed.com
www.hackingdiswtributed.com
www.hackingdiwstributed.com
www.hackingdietributed.com
www.hackingdisetributed.com
www.hackingdiestributed.com
www.hackingdidtributed.com
www.hackingdisdtributed.com
www.hackingdidstributed.com
www.hackingdiztributed.com
www.hackingdisztributed.com
www.hackingdizstributed.com
www.hackingdixtributed.com
www.hackingdisxtributed.com
www.hackingdixstributed.com
www.hackingdiatributed.com
www.hackingdisatributed.com
www.hackingdiastributed.com
www.hackingdisributed.com
www.hackingdisrributed.com
www.hackingdistrributed.com
www.hackingdisrtributed.com
www.hackingdisfributed.com
www.hackingdistfributed.com
www.hackingdisftributed.com
www.hackingdisgributed.com
www.hackingdistgributed.com
www.hackingdisgtributed.com
www.hackingdisyributed.com
www.hackingdistyributed.com
www.hackingdisytributed.com
www.hackingdistibuted.com
www.hackingdisteibuted.com
www.hackingdistreibuted.com
www.hackingdisteributed.com
www.hackingdistdibuted.com
www.hackingdistrdibuted.com
www.hackingdistdributed.com
www.hackingdistfibuted.com
www.hackingdistrfibuted.com
www.hackingdisttibuted.com
www.hackingdistrtibuted.com
www.hackingdisttributed.com
www.hackingdistrbuted.com
www.hackingdistrubuted.com
www.hackingdistriubuted.com
www.hackingdistruibuted.com
www.hackingdistrjbuted.com
www.hackingdistrijbuted.com
www.hackingdistrjibuted.com
www.hackingdistrkbuted.com
www.hackingdistrikbuted.com
www.hackingdistrkibuted.com
www.hackingdistrobuted.com
www.hackingdistriobuted.com
www.hackingdistroibuted.com
www.hackingdistriuted.com
www.hackingdistrivuted.com
www.hackingdistribvuted.com
www.hackingdistrivbuted.com
www.hackingdistriguted.com
www.hackingdistribguted.com
www.hackingdistrigbuted.com
www.hackingdistrihuted.com
www.hackingdistribhuted.com
www.hackingdistrihbuted.com
www.hackingdistrinuted.com
www.hackingdistribnuted.com
www.hackingdistrinbuted.com
www.hackingdistribted.com
www.hackingdistribyted.com
www.hackingdistribuyted.com
www.hackingdistribyuted.com
www.hackingdistribhted.com
www.hackingdistribuhted.com
www.hackingdistribjted.com
www.hackingdistribujted.com
www.hackingdistribjuted.com
www.hackingdistribited.com
www.hackingdistribuited.com
www.hackingdistribiuted.com
www.hackingdistribued.com
www.hackingdistribured.com
www.hackingdistributred.com
www.hackingdistriburted.com
www.hackingdistribufed.com
www.hackingdistributfed.com
www.hackingdistribufted.com
www.hackingdistribuged.com
www.hackingdistributged.com
www.hackingdistribugted.com
www.hackingdistribuyed.com
www.hackingdistributyed.com
www.hackingdistributd.com
www.hackingdistributwd.com
www.hackingdistributewd.com
www.hackingdistributwed.com
www.hackingdistributsd.com
www.hackingdistributesd.com
www.hackingdistributsed.com
www.hackingdistributdd.com
www.hackingdistributedd.com
www.hackingdistributded.com
www.hackingdistributrd.com
www.hackingdistributerd.com
www.hackingdistribute.com
www.hackingdistributex.com
www.hackingdistributedx.com
www.hackingdistributexd.com
www.hackingdistributes.com
www.hackingdistributeds.com
www.hackingdistributee.com
www.hackingdistributede.com
www.hackingdistributeed.com
www.hackingdistributer.com
www.hackingdistributedr.com
www.hackingdistributef.com
www.hackingdistributedf.com
www.hackingdistributefd.com
www.hackingdistributec.com
www.hackingdistributedc.com
www.hackingdistributecd.com
www.hackingdistributed.con

hackingdistributed.com Ping

Ping is a networking utility tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It is a diagnostic that checks reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. In a computer network, a ping test is a way of sending messages from one host to another. Aside from checking if the host is connected to a network, ping also gives indicators of the reliability and general speed of the connection.


hackingdistributed.com TRACEROUTE

Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an IP network from source to destination. Traceroute also records the time taken for each hop the packet makes during its route to the destination. Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets with variable time to live values. The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop.