letonika.lv website information.
letonika.lv domain name is registered by .LV top-level domain registry. See the other sites registred in .LV domain zone.
Following name servers are specified for letonika.lv domain:
- ns1-09.azure-dns.com
- ns2-09.azure-dns.net
- ns3-09.azure-dns.org
- ns4-09.azure-dns.info
and probably website letonika.lv is hosted by AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US web hosting company. Check the complete list of other most popular websites hosted by AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US hosting company.
According to Alexa traffic rank the highest website letonika.lv position was 416584 (in the world). The lowest Alexa rank position was 419803. Now website letonika.lv ranked in Alexa database as number 416584 (in the world).
Website letonika.lv Desktop speed measurement score (55/100) is better than the results of 29.37% of other sites shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.
letonika.lv Mobile usability score (65/100) is better than the results of 13.11% of other sites and shows that the page mobile usability is poor and can be improved.
Mobile speed measurement score of letonika.lv (48/100) is better than the results of 30.32% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.
Weekly Rank Report
Date | Rank | Change |
---|---|---|
Nov-18-2024 | N/A | N/A |
Nov-17-2024 | 416,584 | 3,219 |
Nov-16-2024 | 419,803 | N/A |
Nov-15-2024 | N/A | N/A |
Nov-14-2024 | N/A | N/A |
Nov-13-2024 | N/A | N/A |
Nov-12-2024 | N/A | N/A |
Advertisement
letonika.lv Rank History
Alexa can identify the popularity of a website as well as its competitors. It is important for website owners and bloggers to know their Alexa ranking because it shows how many visitors have viewed their web page. It gives them a clear idea of how popular their website is on the internet and the ranking of their competitors.
letonika.lv whois
WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information.
[Domain]
Domain: letonika.lv
Status: active
[Holder]
Type: Legal person
Country: LV
Name: Sabiedriba ar ierobezotu atbildibu "TILDE"
Address: Vienibas gatve 75A, Riga, LV-1004, Latvija
RegNr: 40003027238
Visit: https://www.nic.lv/whois/contact/letonika.lv to contact.
[Tech]
Type: Natural person
Visit: https://www.nic.lv/whois/contact/letonika.lv to contact.
[Nservers]
Nserver: ns1-09.azure-dns.com
Nserver: ns2-09.azure-dns.net
Nserver: ns3-09.azure-dns.org
Nserver: ns4-09.azure-dns.info
[Whois]
Updated: 2024-10-21T05:12:30.239874+00:00
[Disclaimer]
% The WHOIS service is provided solely for informational purposes.
%
% It is permitted to use the WHOIS service only for technical or administrative
% needs associated with the operation of the Internet or in order to contact
% the domain name holder over legal problems.
%
% Requestor will not use information obtained using WHOIS:
% * To allow, enable or in any other way to support sending of unsolicited mails (spam)
% * for any kind of advertising
% * to disrupt Internet stability and security
%
% It is not permitted to obtain (including copying) or re-use in any form or
% by any means all or quantitatively or qualitatively significant part
% of the WHOIS without NIC's express permission.
letonika.lv server information
letonika.lv desktop page speed rank
Last tested: 2019-01-08
letonika.lv Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 68 Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 663.4KiB (78% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/xmls/pictures/DarbaLapas2.png could save 235.3KiB (68% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://www.letonika.lv/groups/multimedia.aspx?prev=0&id=948126 could save 29.7KiB (89% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://www.letonika.lv/groups/multimedia.aspx?pre…akubans-zurnalists.jpg could save 19.7KiB (87% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thu…_Hawking.StarChild.jpg could save 18.9KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://www.letonika.lv/groups/multimedia.aspx?pre…=Preslijs%20Elviss.jpg could save 14.9KiB (88% reduction).
Compressing https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yX/r/Kvo5FesWVKX.png could save 6.8KiB (37% reduction).
Compressing https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/y1/r/D__hj-r-65c.png could save 4.6KiB (40% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/search.PNG could save 2.8KiB (79% reduction).
Compressing https://scontent-mia3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-0/q89/…2639641b0a&oe=5CBE1DAC could save 1.4KiB (12% reduction).
Compressing https://scontent-mia3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-0/q87/…1dbf33655f&oe=5C9277DE could save 963B (25% reduction).
Compressing https://scontent-mia3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-0/q85/…405d672a04&oe=5CCE294E could save 890B (25% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/logo.png?v=1 could save 825B (16% reduction).
Compressing https://scontent-mia3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-0/q81/…e657d55fa6&oe=5CCC6E2D could save 788B (12% reduction).
Compressing https://scontent-mia3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-0/q85/…4382086e8e&oe=5CC167BD could save 788B (19% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/twitter.png could save 266B (15% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/draugiem.png could save 249B (14% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/tilde.png could save 246B (15% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/facebook.png could save 194B (11% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/klava.PNG could save 135B (25% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/lupa.png could save 125B (23% reduction).
priority - 11 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thu…_Hawking.StarChild.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/draugiem.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/facebook.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/home.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/klava.PNG (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/lotiMazaPumpa.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/lupa.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/search.PNG (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/tilde.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/twitter.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/jquery-1.11.2.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/keyboard.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/vaiTuZini.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/xmls/pictures/DarbaLapas2.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/xmls/pictures/Janvaris2019.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/groups/multimedia.aspx?pre…akubans-zurnalists.jpg (1 second)
https://www.letonika.lv/groups/multimedia.aspx?pre…=Preslijs%20Elviss.jpg (1 second)
https://www.letonika.lv/groups/multimedia.aspx?prev=0&id=948126 (1 second)
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-TQ8JHC (15 minutes)
https://ssl.google-analytics.com/ga.js (2 hours)
https://external-mia3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/safe_image.ph…_hash=AQDWfL7InoWnfUMe (4 hours)
priority - 8 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 5 blocking script resources and 1 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
https://www.letonika.lv/jquery-1.11.2.min.js
https://www.letonika.lv/mp.js?v=0502
https://www.letonika.lv/keyboard.js
https://www.letonika.lv/vaiTuZini.js
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
priority - 2 Prioritize visible content
Your page requires additional network round trips to render the above-the-fold content. For best performance, reduce the amount of HTML needed to render above-the-fold content.
The entire HTML response was not sufficient to render the above-the-fold content. This usually indicates that additional resources, loaded after HTML parsing, were required to render above-the-fold content. Prioritize visible content that is needed for rendering above-the-fold by including it directly in the HTML response.
priority - 0 Minify CSS
Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.3KiB (15% reduction).
priority - 0 Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.2KiB (15% reduction).
Minifying https://www.letonika.lv/mp.js?v=0502 could save 238B (14% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.letonika.lv/vaiTuZini.js could save 204B (19% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.letonika.lv/keyboard.js could save 132B (18% reduction) after compression.
letonika.lv Desktop Resources
Total Resources | 79 |
Number of Hosts | 10 |
Static Resources | 67 |
JavaScript Resources | 26 |
CSS Resources | 10 |
letonika.lv Desktop Resource Breakdown
letonika.lv mobile page speed rank
Last tested: 2019-01-08
letonika.lv Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 61 Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 592.3KiB (72% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/xmls/pictures/DarbaLapas2.png could save 235.3KiB (68% reduction).
Compressing https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yX/r/Kvo5FesWVKX.png could save 6.8KiB (37% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/groups/multimedia.aspx?prev=0&id=948126 could save 5.5KiB (17% reduction).
Compressing https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/y1/r/D__hj-r-65c.png could save 4.6KiB (40% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/groups/multimedia.aspx?pre…akubans-zurnalists.jpg could save 3.7KiB (17% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/groups/multimedia.aspx?pre…=Preslijs%20Elviss.jpg could save 2.9KiB (18% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/search.PNG could save 2.8KiB (79% reduction).
Compressing https://scontent-mia3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-0/q89/…2639641b0a&oe=5CBE1DAC could save 1.4KiB (12% reduction).
Compressing https://scontent-mia3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-0/q87/…1dbf33655f&oe=5C9277DE could save 963B (25% reduction).
Compressing https://scontent-mia3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-0/q85/…405d672a04&oe=5CCE294E could save 890B (25% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/logo.png?v=1 could save 825B (16% reduction).
Compressing https://scontent-mia3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-0/q81/…e657d55fa6&oe=5CCC6E2D could save 788B (12% reduction).
Compressing https://scontent-mia3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-0/q85/…4382086e8e&oe=5CC167BD could save 788B (19% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/twitter.png could save 266B (15% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/draugiem.png could save 249B (14% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/tilde.png could save 246B (15% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/facebook.png could save 194B (11% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/klava.PNG could save 135B (25% reduction).
Compressing https://www.letonika.lv/design/lupa.png could save 125B (23% reduction).
priority - 32 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 5 blocking script resources and 1 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
https://www.letonika.lv/jquery-1.11.2.min.js
https://www.letonika.lv/mp.js?v=0502
https://www.letonika.lv/keyboard.js
https://www.letonika.lv/vaiTuZini.js
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
priority - 16 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thu…_Hawking.StarChild.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/draugiem.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/facebook.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/home.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/klava.PNG (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/lotiMazaPumpa.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/lupa.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/search.PNG (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/tilde.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/design/twitter.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/jquery-1.11.2.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/keyboard.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/vaiTuZini.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/xmls/pictures/DarbaLapas2.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/xmls/pictures/Janvaris2019.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.letonika.lv/groups/multimedia.aspx?pre…akubans-zurnalists.jpg (1 second)
https://www.letonika.lv/groups/multimedia.aspx?pre…=Preslijs%20Elviss.jpg (1 second)
https://www.letonika.lv/groups/multimedia.aspx?prev=0&id=948126 (1 second)
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-TQ8JHC (15 minutes)
https://ssl.google-analytics.com/ga.js (2 hours)
https://external-mia3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/safe_image.ph…_hash=AQDWfL7InoWnfUMe (4 hours)
priority - 8 Prioritize visible content
Your page requires additional network round trips to render the above-the-fold content. For best performance, reduce the amount of HTML needed to render above-the-fold content.
The entire HTML response was not sufficient to render the above-the-fold content. This usually indicates that additional resources, loaded after HTML parsing, were required to render above-the-fold content. Prioritize visible content that is needed for rendering above-the-fold by including it directly in the HTML response.
priority - 0 Minify CSS
Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.3KiB (15% reduction).
priority - 0 Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.2KiB (15% reduction).
Minifying https://www.letonika.lv/mp.js?v=0502 could save 238B (14% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.letonika.lv/vaiTuZini.js could save 204B (19% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.letonika.lv/keyboard.js could save 132B (18% reduction) after compression.
letonika.lv Mobile Resources
Total Resources | 77 |
Number of Hosts | 10 |
Static Resources | 65 |
JavaScript Resources | 24 |
CSS Resources | 10 |
letonika.lv Mobile Resource Breakdown
letonika.lv mobile page usability
Last tested: 2019-01-08
letonika.lv Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary
priority - 40 Use legible font sizes
The following text on your page renders in a way that may be difficult for some of your visitors to read. Use legible font sizes to provide a better user experience.
The following text fragments have a small font size. Increase the font size to make them more legible.
IENĀKT
renders only 6 pixels tall (15 CSS pixels).Enciklopēdijas
and 4 others render only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).Kultūras kanons
and 4 others render only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).Otrdiena, 8. janvāris
renders only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).Gatis, Ivanda
renders only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).KALENDĀRS 2019
and 1 others render only 6 pixels tall (15 CSS pixels).Skati 2019. ga…s un notikumus
and 4 others render only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).Latvijas bibli…autājiet mums!
and 2 others render only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).Piedāvājums
and 3 others render only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).SAZINIES AR MUMS
renders only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).letonika@tilde.lv
and 6 others render only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).DIENAS TEICIENS
and 2 others render only 6 pixels tall (15 CSS pixels).Non est census…esas veselību.
renders only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).1978. gada 8.…usi rakstniece
and 1 others render only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).1824. gada 8.…1824 - 1889).
and 10 others render only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).Kādas latviešu…edzams attēlā?
renders only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).Egle rudzu laukā
and 3 others render only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).ja nezini, noskaidro
renders only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).MĀCI UN MĀCIES
renders only 6 pixels tall (15 CSS pixels).Letonika.lv
renders only 7 pixels tall (18 CSS pixels).1,4 tūkst. patīk
renders only 5 pixels tall (12 CSS pixels).Patīk šī lapa
renders only 5 pixels tall (12 CSS pixels).Esi pirmais no…zīmē ar Patīk!
renders only 5 pixels tall (12 CSS pixels).Letonika.lv
renders only 5 pixels tall (14 CSS pixels).apmēram pirms 2 nedēļām
renders only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).! Jūs esat lie…šanos nākamgad
and 2 others render only 5 pixels tall (14 CSS pixels).Rīgas Imantas vidusskola
renders only 5 pixels tall (14 CSS pixels).🙂
renders only 6 pixels tall (16 CSS pixels).© Tilde, 2019.
renders only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).Visas tiesības aizsargātas
renders only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).Lietošanas noteikumi
and 2 others render only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).|
and 1 others render only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).priority - 10 Configure the viewport
Your page does not have a viewport specified. This causes mobile devices to render your page as it would appear on a desktop browser, scaling it down to fit on a mobile screen. Configure a viewport to allow your page to render properly on all devices.
Configure a viewport for this page.
priority - 6 Size tap targets appropriately
Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.
The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.
<a id="ctl00_logohref" href="default.aspx"></a>
is close to 1 other tap targets.<a id="ctl00_login_button" href="javascript:Web…false, true))" class="inline-block">IENĀKT</a>
is close to 1 other tap targets.<a id="ctl00_menu0" href="default.aspx?f=1" class="menu_active">
is close to 2 other tap targets.<a id="ctl00_menu1" href="groups/default.aspx?g=1">Enciklopēdijas</a>
and 4 others are close to other tap targets.<a id="ctl00_abone" href="/article.aspx?…abonesana_izgl">ABONĒ</a>
and 2 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="article.aspx?id=abonesana_izgl">izglītības iestādēm</a>
and 1 others are close to other tap targets.<input id="ctl00_search_searchString" type="text" name="ctl00$search$searchString" class="searchBox">
is close to 1 other tap targets.<img id="ctl00_search_klava" src="design/klava.PNG">
is close to 3 other tap targets.<input id="ctl00_search_ImageButton1" type="image" name="ctl00$search$ImageButton1">
is close to 3 other tap targets.<a href="http://twitter…/#!/letonikalv"></a>
and 4 others are close to other tap targets.<img src="https://sconte…3f&oe=5C9232AB" class="_1drn _-s img">
is close to 1 other tap targets.<a href="https://m.face…letonika.lv%2F" class="_5pb8 _29h _303"></a>
is close to 1 other tap targets.<a href="https://m.face…letonika.lv%2F" class="profileLink">Rīgas Imantas vidusskola</a>
is close to 1 other tap targets.letonika.lv similar domains
www.letonika.net
www.letonika.org
www.letonika.info
www.letonika.biz
www.letonika.us
www.letonika.mobi
www.etonika.lv
www.letonika.lv
www.petonika.lv
www.lpetonika.lv
www.pletonika.lv
www.oetonika.lv
www.loetonika.lv
www.oletonika.lv
www.ketonika.lv
www.lketonika.lv
www.kletonika.lv
www.ltonika.lv
www.lwtonika.lv
www.lewtonika.lv
www.lwetonika.lv
www.lstonika.lv
www.lestonika.lv
www.lsetonika.lv
www.ldtonika.lv
www.ledtonika.lv
www.ldetonika.lv
www.lrtonika.lv
www.lertonika.lv
www.lretonika.lv
www.leonika.lv
www.leronika.lv
www.letronika.lv
www.lefonika.lv
www.letfonika.lv
www.leftonika.lv
www.legonika.lv
www.letgonika.lv
www.legtonika.lv
www.leyonika.lv
www.letyonika.lv
www.leytonika.lv
www.letnika.lv
www.letinika.lv
www.letoinika.lv
www.letionika.lv
www.letknika.lv
www.letoknika.lv
www.letkonika.lv
www.letlnika.lv
www.letolnika.lv
www.letlonika.lv
www.letpnika.lv
www.letopnika.lv
www.letponika.lv
www.letoika.lv
www.letobika.lv
www.letonbika.lv
www.letobnika.lv
www.letohika.lv
www.letonhika.lv
www.letohnika.lv
www.letojika.lv
www.letonjika.lv
www.letojnika.lv
www.letomika.lv
www.letonmika.lv
www.letomnika.lv
www.letonka.lv
www.letonuka.lv
www.letoniuka.lv
www.letonuika.lv
www.letonjka.lv
www.letonijka.lv
www.letonkka.lv
www.letonikka.lv
www.letonkika.lv
www.letonoka.lv
www.letonioka.lv
www.letonoika.lv
www.letonia.lv
www.letonija.lv
www.letonikja.lv
www.letoniia.lv
www.letonikia.lv
www.letoniika.lv
www.letonima.lv
www.letonikma.lv
www.letonimka.lv
www.letonila.lv
www.letonikla.lv
www.letonilka.lv
www.letonioa.lv
www.letonikoa.lv
www.letonik.lv
www.letonikq.lv
www.letonikaq.lv
www.letonikqa.lv
www.letonikw.lv
www.letonikaw.lv
www.letonikwa.lv
www.letoniks.lv
www.letonikas.lv
www.letoniksa.lv
www.letonikz.lv
www.letonikaz.lv
www.letonikza.lv
letonika.lv Ping
Ping is a networking utility tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It is a diagnostic that checks reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. In a computer network, a ping test is a way of sending messages from one host to another. Aside from checking if the host is connected to a network, ping also gives indicators of the reliability and general speed of the connection.
letonika.lv TRACEROUTE
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an IP network from source to destination. Traceroute also records the time taken for each hop the packet makes during its route to the destination. Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets with variable time to live values. The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop.