RAILSLIBRARIES.INFO Homepage | RAILS: Reaching Across Illinois Library System


railslibraries.info website information.

railslibraries.info domain name is registered by .INFO top-level domain registry. See the other sites registred in .INFO domain zone.

Following name servers are specified for railslibraries.info domain:

  • ns3.railslibraries.net
  • ns1.railslibraries.net
  • ns4.railslibraries.net
  • ns0.railslibraries.net
  • ns2.railslibraries.net

and probably website railslibraries.info is hosted by AUTOMATTIC - Automattic, Inc, US web hosting company. Check the complete list of other most popular websites hosted by AUTOMATTIC - Automattic, Inc, US hosting company.

According to Alexa traffic rank the highest website railslibraries.info position was 83613 (in the world). The lowest Alexa rank position was 996344. Now website railslibraries.info ranked in Alexa database as number 931774 (in the world).

Website railslibraries.info Desktop speed measurement score (75/100) is better than the results of 59.78% of other sites shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.

railslibraries.info Mobile usability score (99/100) is better than the results of 79.46% of other sites and means that the page is mobile-friendly.

Mobile speed measurement score of railslibraries.info (57/100) is better than the results of 48.04% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.

Weekly Rank Report

DateRankChange
Nov-24-2024 931,774-35,152
Nov-23-2024 896,6228,692
Nov-22-2024 905,31414,209
Nov-21-2024 919,523-31,434
Nov-20-2024 888,0892,934
Nov-19-2024 891,02311,384
Nov-18-2024 902,40714,062

Advertisement

railslibraries.info Rank History

Alexa can identify the popularity of a website as well as its competitors. It is important for website owners and bloggers to know their Alexa ranking because it shows how many visitors have viewed their web page. It gives them a clear idea of how popular their website is on the internet and the ranking of their competitors.



railslibraries.info whois

WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information.


Domain Name: railslibraries.info
Registry Domain ID: 922057aa984c4ac888fe3bb8deb19421-DONUTS
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.godaddy.com/
Registrar URL: http://www.godaddy.com/domains/search.aspx?ci=8990
Updated Date: 2024-08-29T19:01:29Z
Creation Date: 2011-02-25T00:06:08Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2025-02-25T00:06:08Z
Registrar: GoDaddy.com, LLC
Registrar IANA ID: 146
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: abuse@godaddy.com
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +1.4806242505
Domain Status: clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited
Domain Status: clientRenewProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientRenewProhibited
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Domain Status: clientUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited
Registry Registrant ID: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Organization: Domains By Proxy, LLC
Registrant Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant State/Province: Arizona
Registrant Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Country: US
Registrant Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Phone Ext: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Fax Ext: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Email: Please query the RDDS service of the Registrar of Record identified in this output for information on how to contact the Registrant, Admin, or Tech contact of the queried domain name.
Registry Admin ID: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Phone Ext: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Fax Ext: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Email: Please query the RDDS service of the Registrar of Record identified in this output for information on how to contact the Registrant, Admin, or Tech contact of the queried domain name.
Registry Tech ID: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Phone Ext: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Fax Ext: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Email: Please query the RDDS service of the Registrar of Record identified in this output for information on how to contact the Registrant, Admin, or Tech contact of the queried domain name.
Name Server: lakas.ns.cloudflare.com
Name Server: ali.ns.cloudflare.com
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of WHOIS database: 2024-10-20T01:34:37Z

railslibraries.info server information

Servers Location

IP Address
216.240.208.80
Region
Illinois
City
Burr Ridge

railslibraries.info desktop page speed rank

Last tested: 2018-12-21


Desktop Speed Medium
75/100

railslibraries.info Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary


priority - 16 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content

Your page has 8 blocking script resources and 8 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.

None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.

Remove render-blocking JavaScript:

https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.7.2.min.js
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…xJP1imoVOa8jvwL_mxE.js
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…8NUz0ik2SEYt8aayWho.js
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…u0odDRJNFLxDWdH6NoQ.js
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…UZutaAtuiNOoGTi_-bw.js
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…6svH6iIsC1cXssNj56Y.js
https://cdn.datatables.net/u/dt/jqc-1.12.3,dt-1.10….2.0/datatables.min.js
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…nxFZ8TSTEj9RM1L2-hQ.js

Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:

https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…MqXdMiU84ekLLxQnc4.css
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…Salodbr8Cb7zCCEf0w.css
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…bjvM5aL_-q1GbVAu5E.css
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesom…s/font-awesome.min.css
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…rEjM0doNPO95D_a-Uc.css
https://cdn.datatables.net/u/dt/jqc-1.12.3,dt-1.10…2.0/datatables.min.css
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…MDBkva9JPpHL0Xpy7Y.css
https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,4…ic,300italic,700italic

priority - 9 Leverage browser caching

Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.

Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:

https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/all/themes/r…s/icons/svg/search.svg (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/all/themes/r…ges/menu-collapsed.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/all/themes/rails_zen/logo.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/files/RAILSHorzNMZ.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…Salodbr8Cb7zCCEf0w.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…MDBkva9JPpHL0Xpy7Y.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…rEjM0doNPO95D_a-Uc.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…MqXdMiU84ekLLxQnc4.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…bjvM5aL_-q1GbVAu5E.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…wjSkJBkaKl6_mYfDjI.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…nxFZ8TSTEj9RM1L2-hQ.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…u0odDRJNFLxDWdH6NoQ.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…8NUz0ik2SEYt8aayWho.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…UZutaAtuiNOoGTi_-bw.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…6svH6iIsC1cXssNj56Y.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…xJP1imoVOa8jvwL_mxE.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…1156159/SparksEp19.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…lic/rails_laptop_1.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)

priority - 4 Optimize images

Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.

Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 41.8KiB (62% reduction).

Compressing and resizing https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/files/RAILSHorzNMZ.png could save 25.5KiB (57% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/all/themes/rails_zen/logo.png could save 16.3KiB (69% reduction).

priority - 2 Prioritize visible content

Your page requires additional network round trips to render the above-the-fold content. For best performance, reduce the amount of HTML needed to render above-the-fold content.

52.2KiB of the HTML response was required to render the above-the-fold content. This requires 3 network round-trips. Prioritize the above-the-fold content so that it can be rendered with only the first 2 round-trips' worth of HTML.

Only about 13% of the final above-the-fold content could be rendered with the HTML delivered within 2 round-trips.
Click to see the screenshot with 2 round trips:

priority - 1 Minify JavaScript

Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.

Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 10.2KiB (47% reduction).

Minifying https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…xJP1imoVOa8jvwL_mxE.js could save 5.1KiB (66% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…8NUz0ik2SEYt8aayWho.js could save 1.8KiB (34% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…UZutaAtuiNOoGTi_-bw.js could save 1.5KiB (45% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…nxFZ8TSTEj9RM1L2-hQ.js could save 1.4KiB (33% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…u0odDRJNFLxDWdH6NoQ.js could save 397B (36% reduction) after compression.

priority - 0 Enable compression

Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.

Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 263B (36% reduction).

Compressing https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/all/themes/r…s/icons/svg/search.svg could save 263B (36% reduction).

railslibraries.info Desktop Resources

Total Resources31
Number of Hosts8
Static Resources24
JavaScript Resources9
CSS Resources9

railslibraries.info Desktop Resource Breakdown

railslibraries.info mobile page speed rank

Last tested: 2018-12-21


Mobile Speed Bad
57/100

railslibraries.info Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary


priority - 64 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content

Your page has 8 blocking script resources and 8 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.

None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.

Remove render-blocking JavaScript:

https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.7.2.min.js
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…xJP1imoVOa8jvwL_mxE.js
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…8NUz0ik2SEYt8aayWho.js
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…u0odDRJNFLxDWdH6NoQ.js
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…UZutaAtuiNOoGTi_-bw.js
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…6svH6iIsC1cXssNj56Y.js
https://cdn.datatables.net/u/dt/jqc-1.12.3,dt-1.10….2.0/datatables.min.js
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…nxFZ8TSTEj9RM1L2-hQ.js

Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:

https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…MqXdMiU84ekLLxQnc4.css
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…Salodbr8Cb7zCCEf0w.css
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…bjvM5aL_-q1GbVAu5E.css
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesom…s/font-awesome.min.css
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…rEjM0doNPO95D_a-Uc.css
https://cdn.datatables.net/u/dt/jqc-1.12.3,dt-1.10…2.0/datatables.min.css
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…MDBkva9JPpHL0Xpy7Y.css
https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,4…ic,300italic,700italic

priority - 13 Leverage browser caching

Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.

Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:

https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/all/themes/rails_zen/logo.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/files/RAILSHorzNMZ.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…Salodbr8Cb7zCCEf0w.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…MDBkva9JPpHL0Xpy7Y.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…rEjM0doNPO95D_a-Uc.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…MqXdMiU84ekLLxQnc4.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…bjvM5aL_-q1GbVAu5E.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…wjSkJBkaKl6_mYfDjI.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…nxFZ8TSTEj9RM1L2-hQ.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…u0odDRJNFLxDWdH6NoQ.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…8NUz0ik2SEYt8aayWho.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…UZutaAtuiNOoGTi_-bw.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…6svH6iIsC1cXssNj56Y.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…xJP1imoVOa8jvwL_mxE.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…1156159/SparksEp19.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…lic/rails_laptop_1.jpg (expiration not specified)
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)

priority - 3 Optimize images

Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.

Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 30.5KiB (46% reduction).

Compressing and resizing https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/all/themes/rails_zen/logo.png could save 16.3KiB (69% reduction).
Compressing https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/files/RAILSHorzNMZ.png could save 14.2KiB (33% reduction).

priority - 1 Minify JavaScript

Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.

Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 10.2KiB (47% reduction).

Minifying https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…xJP1imoVOa8jvwL_mxE.js could save 5.1KiB (66% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…8NUz0ik2SEYt8aayWho.js could save 1.8KiB (34% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…UZutaAtuiNOoGTi_-bw.js could save 1.5KiB (45% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…nxFZ8TSTEj9RM1L2-hQ.js could save 1.4KiB (33% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.railslibraries.info/sites/default/file…u0odDRJNFLxDWdH6NoQ.js could save 397B (36% reduction) after compression.

railslibraries.info Mobile Resources

Total Resources30
Number of Hosts8
Static Resources23
JavaScript Resources9
CSS Resources9

railslibraries.info Mobile Resource Breakdown

railslibraries.info mobile page usability

Last tested: 2018-12-21


Mobile Usability Good
99/100

railslibraries.info Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary


priority - 0 Size tap targets appropriately

Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.

The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.

The tap target <a href="/node/40">Locations &amp; Maps</a> is close to 1 other tap targets.
The tap target <a href="https://www.fa…railslibraries">RAILS on Facebook</a> and 2 others are close to other tap targets.

railslibraries.info similar domains

Similar domains:
www.railslibraries.com
www.railslibraries.net
www.railslibraries.org
www.railslibraries.info
www.railslibraries.biz
www.railslibraries.us
www.railslibraries.mobi
www.ailslibraries.info
www.railslibraries.info
www.eailslibraries.info
www.reailslibraries.info
www.erailslibraries.info
www.dailslibraries.info
www.rdailslibraries.info
www.drailslibraries.info
www.failslibraries.info
www.rfailslibraries.info
www.frailslibraries.info
www.tailslibraries.info
www.rtailslibraries.info
www.trailslibraries.info
www.rilslibraries.info
www.rqilslibraries.info
www.raqilslibraries.info
www.rqailslibraries.info
www.rwilslibraries.info
www.rawilslibraries.info
www.rwailslibraries.info
www.rsilslibraries.info
www.rasilslibraries.info
www.rsailslibraries.info
www.rzilslibraries.info
www.razilslibraries.info
www.rzailslibraries.info
www.ralslibraries.info
www.raulslibraries.info
www.raiulslibraries.info
www.rauilslibraries.info
www.rajlslibraries.info
www.raijlslibraries.info
www.rajilslibraries.info
www.raklslibraries.info
www.raiklslibraries.info
www.rakilslibraries.info
www.raolslibraries.info
www.raiolslibraries.info
www.raoilslibraries.info
www.raislibraries.info
www.raipslibraries.info
www.railpslibraries.info
www.raiplslibraries.info
www.raioslibraries.info
www.railoslibraries.info
www.raikslibraries.info
www.railkslibraries.info
www.raillibraries.info
www.railwlibraries.info
www.railswlibraries.info
www.railwslibraries.info
www.railelibraries.info
www.railselibraries.info
www.raileslibraries.info
www.raildlibraries.info
www.railsdlibraries.info
www.raildslibraries.info
www.railzlibraries.info
www.railszlibraries.info
www.railzslibraries.info
www.railxlibraries.info
www.railsxlibraries.info
www.railxslibraries.info
www.railalibraries.info
www.railsalibraries.info
www.railaslibraries.info
www.railsibraries.info
www.railspibraries.info
www.railslpibraries.info
www.railsplibraries.info
www.railsoibraries.info
www.railsloibraries.info
www.railsolibraries.info
www.railskibraries.info
www.railslkibraries.info
www.railsklibraries.info
www.railslbraries.info
www.railslubraries.info
www.railsliubraries.info
www.railsluibraries.info
www.railsljbraries.info
www.railslijbraries.info
www.railsljibraries.info
www.railslkbraries.info
www.railslikbraries.info
www.railslobraries.info
www.railsliobraries.info
www.railsliraries.info
www.railslivraries.info
www.railslibvraries.info
www.railslivbraries.info
www.railsligraries.info
www.railslibgraries.info
www.railsligbraries.info
www.railslihraries.info
www.railslibhraries.info
www.railslihbraries.info
www.railslinraries.info
www.railslibnraries.info
www.railslinbraries.info
www.railslibaries.info
www.railslibearies.info
www.railslibrearies.info
www.railsliberaries.info
www.railslibdaries.info
www.railslibrdaries.info
www.railslibdraries.info
www.railslibfaries.info
www.railslibrfaries.info
www.railslibfraries.info
www.railslibtaries.info
www.railslibrtaries.info
www.railslibtraries.info
www.railslibrries.info
www.railslibrqries.info
www.railslibraqries.info
www.railslibrqaries.info
www.railslibrwries.info
www.railslibrawries.info
www.railslibrwaries.info
www.railslibrsries.info
www.railslibrasries.info
www.railslibrsaries.info
www.railslibrzries.info
www.railslibrazries.info
www.railslibrzaries.info
www.railslibraies.info
www.railslibraeies.info
www.railslibrareies.info
www.railslibraeries.info
www.railslibradies.info
www.railslibrardies.info
www.railslibradries.info
www.railslibrafies.info
www.railslibrarfies.info
www.railslibrafries.info
www.railslibraties.info
www.railslibrarties.info
www.railslibratries.info
www.railslibrares.info
www.railslibrarues.info
www.railslibrariues.info
www.railslibraruies.info
www.railslibrarjes.info
www.railslibrarijes.info
www.railslibrarjies.info
www.railslibrarkes.info
www.railslibrarikes.info
www.railslibrarkies.info
www.railslibraroes.info
www.railslibrarioes.info
www.railslibraroies.info
www.railslibraris.info
www.railslibrariws.info
www.railslibrariews.info
www.railslibrariwes.info
www.railslibrariss.info
www.railslibrariess.info
www.railslibrarises.info
www.railslibrarids.info
www.railslibrarieds.info
www.railslibrarides.info
www.railslibrarirs.info
www.railslibrariers.info
www.railslibrarires.info
www.railslibrarie.info
www.railslibrariew.info
www.railslibrariesw.info
www.railslibrariee.info
www.railslibrariese.info
www.railslibrariees.info
www.railslibraried.info
www.railslibrariesd.info
www.railslibrariez.info
www.railslibrariesz.info
www.railslibrariezs.info
www.railslibrariex.info
www.railslibrariesx.info
www.railslibrariexs.info
www.railslibrariea.info
www.railslibrariesa.info
www.railslibrarieas.info

railslibraries.info Ping

Ping is a networking utility tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It is a diagnostic that checks reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. In a computer network, a ping test is a way of sending messages from one host to another. Aside from checking if the host is connected to a network, ping also gives indicators of the reliability and general speed of the connection.


railslibraries.info TRACEROUTE

Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an IP network from source to destination. Traceroute also records the time taken for each hop the packet makes during its route to the destination. Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets with variable time to live values. The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop.