SUTD.EDU.SG Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD)


sutd.edu.sg website information.

sutd.edu.sg domain name is registered by .SG top-level domain registry. See the other sites registred in .SG domain zone.

Following name servers are specified for sutd.edu.sg domain:

  • ns.sutd.edu.sg
  • dnssec3.singnet.com.sg
  • dnssec1.singnet.com.sg
  • secdns2.starhub.net.sg

and probably website sutd.edu.sg is hosted by NIH-NET - National Institutes of Health, US web hosting company. Check the complete list of other most popular websites hosted by NIH-NET - National Institutes of Health, US hosting company.

According to Alexa traffic rank the highest website sutd.edu.sg position was 15486 (in the world). The lowest Alexa rank position was 24681. Now website sutd.edu.sg ranked in Alexa database as number 24391 (in the world).

Website sutd.edu.sg Desktop speed measurement score (61/100) is better than the results of 37.05% of other sites shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.

sutd.edu.sg Mobile usability score (94/100) is better than the results of 36.81% of other sites and means that the page is mobile-friendly.

Mobile speed measurement score of sutd.edu.sg (25/100) is better than the results of 6.8% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.

Weekly Rank Report

DateRankChange
Nov-19-2024 24,391199
Nov-18-2024 24,590-209
Nov-17-2024 24,381149
Nov-16-2024 24,530-229
Nov-15-2024 24,301133
Nov-14-2024 24,434-241
Nov-13-2024 24,1930

Advertisement

sutd.edu.sg Rank History

Alexa can identify the popularity of a website as well as its competitors. It is important for website owners and bloggers to know their Alexa ranking because it shows how many visitors have viewed their web page. It gives them a clear idea of how popular their website is on the internet and the ranking of their competitors.



sutd.edu.sg whois

WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information.


Domain Name: sutd.edu.sg
Unicode Name: sutd.edu.sg
Updated Date: 2024-03-22T17:40:19Z
Creation Date: 2009-12-11T09:20:50Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2024-12-11T09:20:50Z
Registrar: Singnet Pte Ltd
Domain Status: ok https://icann.org/epp#ok
VerifiedID Status: VerifiedID@SG-Not Required
Registry Lock:
Registrant Name: SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN
Admin Name: TAY MUI LAN ZERLINA .
Tech Name: SUTD SYSTEM OPERATOR .
Tech Email: sysop@sutd.edu.sg
Name Server: ns1.sutd.edu.sg
Name Server: ns3.sutd.edu.sg
Name Server: secdns2.starhub.net.sg
DNSSEC: unsigned
>>> Last update of WHOIS database: 2024-09-22T05:41:20Z

sutd.edu.sg server information

Servers Location

IP Address
45.60.65.5
45.60.67.5
Region
Ile-de-France
California
City
Paris
Redwood City

sutd.edu.sg desktop page speed rank

Last tested: 2018-01-11


Desktop Speed Bad
61/100

sutd.edu.sg Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary


priority - 45 Optimize images

Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.

Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 441.1KiB (76% reduction).

Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_…s_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 86.4KiB (79% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_…e_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 60.3KiB (75% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_…c_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 57.1KiB (81% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_…d_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 54.9KiB (81% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_bike_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 42.4KiB (81% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_…n_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 39.1KiB (81% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_…d_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 19.9KiB (62% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/smu_1.png?ext=.png could save 17.2KiB (68% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/mit-logo.png?ext=.png could save 16.4KiB (66% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/thumb-sutd-testimonial-arjun.png could save 16.3KiB (70% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/thumb-sutd-tes…ial-jisun.png?ext=.png could save 16.3KiB (69% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/thumb-sutd-tes…l-aurelia.png?ext=.png could save 14.4KiB (66% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/img/logo-white.png could save 278B (11% reduction).

priority - 12 Leverage browser caching

Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.

Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:

https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/thumb-sutd-testimonial-arjun.png (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/fancybox/helpe…y.fancybox-buttons.css (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/fancybox/helpe…ry.fancybox-thumbs.css (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.css (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/main.css (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/slick.css (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/timeline.css (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/fonts/icon_quote-close.svg (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/fonts/icon_quote-open.svg (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/img/logo-white.png (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/main.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/modules.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/vendor/jquery-1.11.3.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/vendor/jquery.fancybox.js (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/vendor/jquery.hoverIntent.js (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/vendor/modernizr.js (expiration not specified)
https://m.addthisedge.com/live/boost/ra-5693538fc1…_ate.track.config_resp (60 seconds)
https://s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js (10 minutes)
https://static.doubleclick.net/instream/ad_status.js (15 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js (20 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/104901…72840?v=2.8.7&r=stable (20 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/142095…44792?v=2.8.7&r=stable (20 minutes)
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/css/timeline.css (4 hours)

priority - 6 Enable compression

Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.

Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 60.4KiB (85% reduction).

Compressing https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/css/timeline.css could save 60.1KiB (86% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/fonts/icon_quote-close.svg could save 182B (34% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/fonts/icon_quote-open.svg could save 180B (34% reduction).

priority - 2 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content

Your page has 1 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.

None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.

Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:

https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/slick.css

priority - 1 Minify CSS

Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 7.8KiB (25% reduction).

Minifying https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/main.css could save 6.4KiB (24% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/timeline.css could save 1.2KiB (31% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.css could save 246B (18% reduction) after compression.

priority - 0 Minify HTML

Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.6KiB (11% reduction).

Minifying https://sutd.edu.sg/ could save 1.6KiB (11% reduction) after compression.

priority - 0 Minify JavaScript

Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.

Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 620B (14% reduction).

Minifying https://sutd.edu.sg/WebResource.axd?d=wo1p-icXC7y9…1&t=636161530540000000 could save 620B (14% reduction) after compression.

priority - 0 Reduce server response time

In our test, your server responded in 0.20 seconds. There are many factors that can slow down your server response time. Please read our recommendations to learn how you can monitor and measure where your server is spending the most time.

sutd.edu.sg Desktop Resources

Total Resources62
Number of Hosts14
Static Resources31
JavaScript Resources22
CSS Resources8

sutd.edu.sg Desktop Resource Breakdown

sutd.edu.sg mobile page speed rank

Last tested: 2018-01-10


Mobile Speed Bad
25/100

sutd.edu.sg Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary


priority - 223 Optimize images

Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.

Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 2.1MiB (86% reduction).

Compressing and resizing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/step_1600x678_1.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 638.3KiB (99% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/_MG_0874_original_1400.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 591.6KiB (78% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/academy-launch_1600x678.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 238.4KiB (99% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/wit2.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 196.6KiB (99% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_…s_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 86.4KiB (79% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_…e_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 60.3KiB (75% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_…c_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 57.1KiB (81% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_…d_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 54.9KiB (81% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_…g_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 53.3KiB (82% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_bike_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 42.4KiB (81% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_…n_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 39.1KiB (81% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/home_research_…d_280x196.jpg?ext=.jpg could save 19.9KiB (62% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/smu_1.png?ext=.png could save 17.2KiB (68% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/mit-logo.png?ext=.png could save 16.4KiB (66% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/thumb-sutd-testimonial-arjun.png could save 16.3KiB (70% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/thumb-sutd-tes…ial-jisun.png?ext=.png could save 16.3KiB (69% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/zhejiang.png?ext=.png could save 16.2KiB (32% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/thumb-sutd-tes…l-aurelia.png?ext=.png could save 14.4KiB (66% reduction).
Compressing https://scontent.cdninstagram.com/t51.2885-19/s150…3591638938091520_a.jpg could save 719B (18% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/img/logo-black.png could save 152B (22% reduction).

priority - 48 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content

Your page has 11 blocking script resources and 8 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.

None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.

Remove render-blocking JavaScript:

https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/vendor/modernizr.js
https://sutd.edu.sg/WebResource.axd?d=wo1p-icXC7y9…1&t=636161530540000000
https://sutd.edu.sg/ScriptResource.axd?d=1JPeVVHVb…HzxX1AAobn0&t=7c776dc1
https://sutd.edu.sg/ScriptResource.axd?d=-azRvCLS8…S6MwkIsi0Q2&t=7c776dc1
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/vendor/modernizr.js
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/vendor/jquery-1.11.3.min.js
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/vendor/jquery.fancybox.js
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/vendor/jquery.hoverIntent.js
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/plugins.min.js
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/modules.min.js
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/main.min.js

Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:

https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/slick.css
https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/css/timeline.css
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/timeline.css
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/cloudfont.css
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.css
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/fancybox/helpe…y.fancybox-buttons.css
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/fancybox/helpe…ry.fancybox-thumbs.css
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/main.css

priority - 20 Leverage browser caching

Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.

Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:

https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/sutd-testimonial-aurelia_1.png (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/SUTD/media/SUTD/thumb-sutd-testimonial-arjun.png (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/cloudfont.css (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/fancybox/helpe…y.fancybox-buttons.css (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/fancybox/helpe…ry.fancybox-thumbs.css (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.css (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/main.css (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/slick.css (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/timeline.css (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/fonts/icon_quote-close.svg (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/fonts/icon_quote-open.svg (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/img/logo-black.png (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/main.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/modules.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/plugins.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/vendor/jquery-1.11.3.min.js (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/vendor/jquery.fancybox.js (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/vendor/jquery.hoverIntent.js (expiration not specified)
https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/js/vendor/modernizr.js (expiration not specified)
https://m.addthisedge.com/live/boost/ra-5693538fc1…_ate.track.config_resp (60 seconds)
https://s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js (10 minutes)
https://static.doubleclick.net/instream/ad_status.js (15 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js (20 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/104901…72840?v=2.8.7&r=stable (20 minutes)
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/142095…44792?v=2.8.7&r=stable (20 minutes)
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/css/timeline.css (4 hours)

priority - 6 Enable compression

Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.

Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 60.4KiB (85% reduction).

Compressing https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/css/timeline.css could save 60.1KiB (86% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/fonts/icon_quote-close.svg could save 182B (34% reduction).
Compressing https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/fonts/icon_quote-open.svg could save 180B (34% reduction).

priority - 1 Minify CSS

Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 7.8KiB (25% reduction).

Minifying https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/main.css could save 6.4KiB (24% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/timeline.css could save 1.2KiB (31% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://sutd.edu.sg/assets/sutd/css/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.css could save 246B (18% reduction) after compression.

priority - 0 Minify HTML

Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.

Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.6KiB (11% reduction).

Minifying https://sutd.edu.sg/ could save 1.6KiB (11% reduction) after compression.

priority - 0 Minify JavaScript

Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.

Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 620B (14% reduction).

Minifying https://sutd.edu.sg/WebResource.axd?d=wo1p-icXC7y9…1&t=636161530540000000 could save 620B (14% reduction) after compression.

priority - 0 Reduce server response time

In our test, your server responded in 0.20 seconds. There are many factors that can slow down your server response time. Please read our recommendations to learn how you can monitor and measure where your server is spending the most time.

sutd.edu.sg Mobile Resources

Total Resources83
Number of Hosts19
Static Resources38
JavaScript Resources28
CSS Resources9

sutd.edu.sg Mobile Resource Breakdown

sutd.edu.sg mobile page usability

Last tested: 2018-01-10


Mobile Usability Good
94/100

sutd.edu.sg Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary


priority - 5 Size tap targets appropriately

Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.

The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.

The tap target <a href="https://t.co/lJbMgqyhk6">https://t.co/lJbMgqyhk6</a> and 1 others are close to other tap targets.
The tap target <div class="sticky-nav__it…p js-open-menu">Menu</div> is close to 1 other tap targets.

The tap target <button class="cookie-panel__accept">Ok, I got it.</button> is close to 1 other tap targets.

The tap target <a id="p_lt_ctl03_Foo…s_FacebookLink" href="http://www.fac…/sutdsingapore"></a> and 3 others are close to other tap targets.
The tap target <a id="p_lt_ctl03_SUT…er1_ctl00_link" href="https://sutd.edu.sg/About-Us">About Us</a> and 6 others are close to other tap targets.
The tap target <a id="p_lt_ctl03_SUT…ter_ctl01_link" href="https://sutd.e…ion-and-Values">Vision and Mission</a> and 49 others are close to other tap targets.

sutd.edu.sg similar domains

Similar domains:
www.sutd.com
www.sutd.net
www.sutd.org
www.sutd.info
www.sutd.biz
www.sutd.us
www.sutd.mobi
www.utd.edu.sg
www.sutd.edu.sg
www.wutd.edu.sg
www.swutd.edu.sg
www.wsutd.edu.sg
www.eutd.edu.sg
www.seutd.edu.sg
www.esutd.edu.sg
www.dutd.edu.sg
www.sdutd.edu.sg
www.dsutd.edu.sg
www.zutd.edu.sg
www.szutd.edu.sg
www.zsutd.edu.sg
www.xutd.edu.sg
www.sxutd.edu.sg
www.xsutd.edu.sg
www.autd.edu.sg
www.sautd.edu.sg
www.asutd.edu.sg
www.std.edu.sg
www.sytd.edu.sg
www.suytd.edu.sg
www.syutd.edu.sg
www.shtd.edu.sg
www.suhtd.edu.sg
www.shutd.edu.sg
www.sjtd.edu.sg
www.sujtd.edu.sg
www.sjutd.edu.sg
www.sitd.edu.sg
www.suitd.edu.sg
www.siutd.edu.sg
www.sud.edu.sg
www.surd.edu.sg
www.sutrd.edu.sg
www.surtd.edu.sg
www.sufd.edu.sg
www.sutfd.edu.sg
www.suftd.edu.sg
www.sugd.edu.sg
www.sutgd.edu.sg
www.sugtd.edu.sg
www.suyd.edu.sg
www.sutyd.edu.sg
www.sut.edu.sg
www.sutx.edu.sg
www.sutdx.edu.sg
www.sutxd.edu.sg
www.suts.edu.sg
www.sutds.edu.sg
www.sutsd.edu.sg
www.sute.edu.sg
www.sutde.edu.sg
www.suted.edu.sg
www.sutr.edu.sg
www.sutdr.edu.sg
www.sutf.edu.sg
www.sutdf.edu.sg
www.sutc.edu.sg
www.sutdc.edu.sg
www.sutcd.edu.sg

sutd.edu.sg Ping

Ping is a networking utility tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It is a diagnostic that checks reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. In a computer network, a ping test is a way of sending messages from one host to another. Aside from checking if the host is connected to a network, ping also gives indicators of the reliability and general speed of the connection.


sutd.edu.sg TRACEROUTE

Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an IP network from source to destination. Traceroute also records the time taken for each hop the packet makes during its route to the destination. Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets with variable time to live values. The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop.