ulapland.fi website information.
ulapland.fi domain name is registered by .FI top-level domain registry. See the other sites registred in .FI domain zone.
Following name servers are specified for ulapland.fi domain:
- ns1.luc.fi
- ns-secondary.funet.fi
- ns2.luc.fi
and probably website ulapland.fi is hosted by NINTENDO - Nintendo Of America inc., US web hosting company. Check the complete list of other most popular websites hosted by NINTENDO - Nintendo Of America inc., US hosting company.
According to Alexa traffic rank the highest website ulapland.fi position was 11091 (in the world). The lowest Alexa rank position was 997009. Now website ulapland.fi ranked in Alexa database as number 51503 (in the world).
Website ulapland.fi Desktop speed measurement score (54/100) is better than the results of 28.19% of other sites shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.
ulapland.fi Mobile usability score (95/100) is better than the results of 39.69% of other sites and means that the page is mobile-friendly.
Mobile speed measurement score of ulapland.fi (40/100) is better than the results of 18.97% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is poor and can be improved.
Weekly Rank Report
Date | Rank | Change |
---|---|---|
Nov-24-2024 | N/A | N/A |
Nov-23-2024 | 51,503 | 969 |
Nov-22-2024 | 52,472 | -661 |
Nov-21-2024 | 51,811 | 573 |
Nov-20-2024 | 52,384 | -489 |
Nov-19-2024 | 51,895 | 286 |
Nov-18-2024 | 52,181 | -868 |
Advertisement
ulapland.fi Rank History
Alexa can identify the popularity of a website as well as its competitors. It is important for website owners and bloggers to know their Alexa ranking because it shows how many visitors have viewed their web page. It gives them a clear idea of how popular their website is on the internet and the ranking of their competitors.
ulapland.fi whois
WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information.
domain.............: ulapland.fi
status.............: Registered
created............: 30.9.2003 14:19:49
expires............: 30.9.2022 00:00:00
available..........: 30.10.2022 00:00:00
modified...........: 6.9.2021 09:29:38
RegistryLock.......: no
Nameservers
nserver............: ns2.luc.fi [193.167.87.151] [OK]
nserver............: ns-secondary.funet.fi [128.214.248.132] [2001:708:10:55::53] [OK]
nserver............: ns1.luc.fi [193.167.87.150] [OK]
DNSSEC
dnssec.............: no
Holder
name...............: Lapin yliopisto
register number....: 0292800-5
address............: PL 122
postal.............: 96101
city...............: Rovaniemi
country............: Finland
phone..............:
holder email.......:
Registrar
registrar..........: Louhi Net Oy
www................: https://www.louhi.fi/
>>> Last update of WHOIS database: 2.1.2022 0:30:15 (EET)
ulapland.fi server information
ulapland.fi desktop page speed rank
Last tested: 2019-09-03
ulapland.fi Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 53 Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 519KiB (59% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-0/p480x480/69…1f76025f7b&oe=5E108BEC could save 57.1KiB (83% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/s720x720/69…ddbd19e8c5&oe=5DCDB66A could save 56.6KiB (88% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/s720x720/69…d824ffee4e&oe=5E05DAD4 could save 40.4KiB (84% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=51498580-c3…18-6194847e0e34&w=1170 could save 26.9KiB (12% reduction).
Compressing and resizing https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.2147-6/7034446…96a6e530e8&oe=5DFECA69 could save 24KiB (82% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/laylogo.png could save 1.8KiB (26% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=dd6d025f-60bb-4c61-8c24-9ea1e94f2fcd could save 343B (41% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/img/icon_feed.png could save 243B (20% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=ac5b003c-8e4e-4d1b-8d2f-518bbb263182 could save 224B (33% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=9e9ad050-01e0-4991-8d3d-dd3ad0351aca could save 193B (27% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=0828dc52-d0c5-4763-8042-40ed3f0efb35 could save 179B (31% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=46743b9f-9188-475a-9925-8907fc235574 could save 170B (32% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=e663903b-03b6-4cb8-b935-6d6e39c22377 could save 154B (28% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=f0039cba-326f-412f-a4b3-d61c474c912c could save 132B (22% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images…tagram_30x30_white.png could save 118B (26% reduction).
priority - 15 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/fileicons.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/global.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/global.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/img/ajax-loader.gif (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/img/icon_feed.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/jquery/jquery.cookie.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/fonts/Gudea-Bold.ttf (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/fonts/Gudea-Italic.ttf (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/fonts/Gudea-Regular.ttf (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/close.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/facebook_30x30_white.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images…tagram_30x30_white.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/laylogo.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/loading.gif (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/logo_footer_fi.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/next.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/prev.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/twitter_35x30_white.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/youtube_42x30_white.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/includes/ionicons.min.css (expiration not specified)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js (20 minutes)
https://www.google.com/cse/static/style/look/v3/default.css (50 minutes)
https://cse.google.com/adsense/search/async-ads.js (60 minutes)
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/0IyNZUeH0EA/mqdefault.jpg (2 hours)
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/LHATnWq78ag/mqdefault.jpg (2 hours)
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/VCuPxoFxj5s/mqdefault.jpg (2 hours)
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Zu5fMYdJGkM/mqdefault.jpg (2 hours)
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/includ…uery.socialwall.min.js (19.5 hours)
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/jquery/jquery-latest.min.js (20.7 hours)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/includes/all.bundle.js (20.7 hours)
priority - 10 Avoid landing page redirects
Your page has 3 redirects. Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded.
Avoid landing page redirects for the following chain of redirected URLs.
http://www.ulapland.fi/
https://www.ulapland.fi/
https://www.ulapland.fi/FI
priority - 6 Reduce server response time
In our test, your server responded in 0.82 seconds.
There are many factors that can slow down your server response time. Please read our recommendations to learn how you can monitor and measure where your server is spending the most time.
priority - 4 Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 41.4KiB (79% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15//inclu…der=date&maxResults=12 could save 10.2KiB (80% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15//inclu…_time,message&limit=12 could save 6.3KiB (57% reduction).
priority - 2 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 1 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
priority - 0 Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 4.9KiB (24% reduction).
Minifying https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/jquery/jquery.cookie.js could save 1.1KiB (69% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js could save 673B (39% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.ulapland.fi/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcF…2&t=636934993199995647 could save 620B (14% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/global.js could save 139B (24% reduction) after compression.
priority - 0 Minify CSS
Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 4.8KiB (28% reduction).
Minifying https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/global.css could save 1.1KiB (21% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.google.com/cse/static/style/look/v3/default.css could save 512B (19% reduction) after compression.
ulapland.fi Desktop Resources
Total Resources | 73 |
Number of Hosts | 11 |
Static Resources | 45 |
JavaScript Resources | 18 |
CSS Resources | 7 |
ulapland.fi Desktop Resource Breakdown
ulapland.fi mobile page speed rank
Last tested: 2019-09-03
ulapland.fi Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 40 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 7 blocking script resources and 8 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/includes/all.bundle.js
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/includ…uery.socialwall.min.js
https://www.ulapland.fi/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcF…2&t=636934993199995647
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/global.js
https://www.ulapland.fi/Telerik.Web.UI.WebResource…%3af7645509%3a88144a7a
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/jquery/jquery.cookie.js
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/fileicons.css
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/includes/style.less
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/includes/ionicons.min.css
https://www.ulapland.fi/WebResource.axd?d=urCACUaU…0&t=636634574160000000
https://www.google.com/cse/static/element/c96da2eab22f03d8/default+fi.css
https://www.google.com/cse/static/style/look/v3/default.css
https://www.google.com/cse/static/element/c96da2eab22f03d8/mobile+fi.css
priority - 35 Avoid landing page redirects
Your page has 3 redirects. Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded.
Avoid landing page redirects for the following chain of redirected URLs.
http://www.ulapland.fi/
https://www.ulapland.fi/
https://www.ulapland.fi/FI
priority - 35 Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 340.8KiB (50% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=51498580-c3…18-6194847e0e34&w=1170 could save 26.9KiB (12% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/laylogo.png could save 1.8KiB (26% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=dd6d025f-60bb-4c61-8c24-9ea1e94f2fcd could save 343B (41% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/img/icon_feed.png could save 243B (20% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=ac5b003c-8e4e-4d1b-8d2f-518bbb263182 could save 224B (33% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=9e9ad050-01e0-4991-8d3d-dd3ad0351aca could save 193B (27% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=0828dc52-d0c5-4763-8042-40ed3f0efb35 could save 179B (31% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=46743b9f-9188-475a-9925-8907fc235574 could save 170B (32% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=e663903b-03b6-4cb8-b935-6d6e39c22377 could save 154B (28% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/loader.aspx?id=f0039cba-326f-412f-a4b3-d61c474c912c could save 132B (22% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images…tagram_30x30_white.png could save 118B (26% reduction).
priority - 23 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/fileicons.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/global.css (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/global.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/img/ajax-loader.gif (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/img/icon_feed.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/jquery/jquery.cookie.js (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/fonts/Gudea-Bold.ttf (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/fonts/Gudea-Italic.ttf (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/fonts/Gudea-Regular.ttf (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/close.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/facebook_30x30_white.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images…tagram_30x30_white.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/laylogo.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/loading.gif (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/logo_footer_fi.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/next.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/prev.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/twitter_35x30_white.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/images/youtube_42x30_white.png (expiration not specified)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/includes/ionicons.min.css (expiration not specified)
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js (20 minutes)
https://www.google.com/cse/static/style/look/v3/default.css (50 minutes)
https://cse.google.com/adsense/search/async-ads.js (60 minutes)
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/0IyNZUeH0EA/mqdefault.jpg (2 hours)
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/LHATnWq78ag/mqdefault.jpg (2 hours)
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/VCuPxoFxj5s/mqdefault.jpg (2 hours)
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Zu5fMYdJGkM/mqdefault.jpg (2 hours)
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js (2 hours)
https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/jquery/jquery-latest.min.js (21.8 hours)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/includes/all.bundle.js (21.8 hours)
https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15/includ…uery.socialwall.min.js (21.8 hours)
priority - 17 Reduce server response time
In our test, your server responded in 0.75 seconds.
There are many factors that can slow down your server response time. Please read our recommendations to learn how you can monitor and measure where your server is spending the most time.
priority - 8 Prioritize visible content
Your page requires additional network round trips to render the above-the-fold content. For best performance, reduce the amount of HTML needed to render above-the-fold content.
The entire HTML response was not sufficient to render the above-the-fold content. This usually indicates that additional resources, loaded after HTML parsing, were required to render above-the-fold content. Prioritize visible content that is needed for rendering above-the-fold by including it directly in the HTML response.
priority - 4 Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 41.4KiB (79% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15//inclu…der=date&maxResults=12 could save 10.2KiB (80% reduction).
Compressing https://www.ulapland.fi/layouts/ulapland_15//inclu…_time,message&limit=12 could save 6.3KiB (57% reduction).
priority - 1 Minify CSS
Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 5KiB (28% reduction).
Minifying https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/global.css could save 1.1KiB (21% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.google.com/cse/static/style/look/v3/default.css could save 512B (19% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.google.com/cse/static/element/c96da2eab22f03d8/mobile+fi.css could save 215B (20% reduction) after compression.
priority - 0 Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 4.9KiB (24% reduction).
Minifying https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/jquery/jquery.cookie.js could save 1.1KiB (69% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js could save 674B (39% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.ulapland.fi/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcF…2&t=636934993199995647 could save 620B (14% reduction) after compression.
Minifying https://www.ulapland.fi/includes/global.js could save 139B (24% reduction) after compression.
ulapland.fi Mobile Resources
Total Resources | 73 |
Number of Hosts | 11 |
Static Resources | 45 |
JavaScript Resources | 18 |
CSS Resources | 8 |
ulapland.fi Mobile Resource Breakdown
ulapland.fi mobile page usability
Last tested: 2019-09-03
ulapland.fi Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary
priority - 4 Size tap targets appropriately
Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.
The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.
<ol class="flex-control-n…control-paging">1234</ol>
and 3 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="/news/Vaitos-S…3-c99038d4f303">Väitös: Suomen…kustannuksella</a>
and 1 others are close to other tap targets.The tap target
<a href="/tietosuoja">Tietosuoja ja…stekäytännöt ></a>
is close to 1 other tap targets.The tap target
<a href="/FI/Hae-opiskelijaksi">Hae opiskelijaksi</a>
and 5 others are close to other tap targets.The tap target
<a href="/FI/Hae-opiske…ulutustarjonta">Koulutustarjonta</a>
and 31 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="#" class="cookienote-close">OK</a>
is close to 1 other tap targets.ulapland.fi similar domains
www.ulapland.net
www.ulapland.org
www.ulapland.info
www.ulapland.biz
www.ulapland.us
www.ulapland.mobi
www.lapland.fi
www.ulapland.fi
www.ylapland.fi
www.uylapland.fi
www.yulapland.fi
www.hlapland.fi
www.uhlapland.fi
www.hulapland.fi
www.jlapland.fi
www.ujlapland.fi
www.julapland.fi
www.ilapland.fi
www.uilapland.fi
www.iulapland.fi
www.uapland.fi
www.upapland.fi
www.ulpapland.fi
www.uplapland.fi
www.uoapland.fi
www.uloapland.fi
www.uolapland.fi
www.ukapland.fi
www.ulkapland.fi
www.uklapland.fi
www.ulpland.fi
www.ulqpland.fi
www.ulaqpland.fi
www.ulqapland.fi
www.ulwpland.fi
www.ulawpland.fi
www.ulwapland.fi
www.ulspland.fi
www.ulaspland.fi
www.ulsapland.fi
www.ulzpland.fi
www.ulazpland.fi
www.ulzapland.fi
www.ulaland.fi
www.ulaoland.fi
www.ulapoland.fi
www.ulaopland.fi
www.ulalland.fi
www.ulaplland.fi
www.ulalpland.fi
www.ulapand.fi
www.ulappand.fi
www.ulaplpand.fi
www.ulappland.fi
www.ulapoand.fi
www.ulaploand.fi
www.ulapkand.fi
www.ulaplkand.fi
www.ulapkland.fi
www.ulaplnd.fi
www.ulaplqnd.fi
www.ulaplaqnd.fi
www.ulaplqand.fi
www.ulaplwnd.fi
www.ulaplawnd.fi
www.ulaplwand.fi
www.ulaplsnd.fi
www.ulaplasnd.fi
www.ulaplsand.fi
www.ulaplznd.fi
www.ulaplaznd.fi
www.ulaplzand.fi
www.ulaplad.fi
www.ulaplabd.fi
www.ulaplanbd.fi
www.ulaplabnd.fi
www.ulaplahd.fi
www.ulaplanhd.fi
www.ulaplahnd.fi
www.ulaplajd.fi
www.ulaplanjd.fi
www.ulaplajnd.fi
www.ulaplamd.fi
www.ulaplanmd.fi
www.ulaplamnd.fi
www.ulaplan.fi
www.ulaplanx.fi
www.ulaplandx.fi
www.ulaplanxd.fi
www.ulaplans.fi
www.ulaplands.fi
www.ulaplansd.fi
www.ulaplane.fi
www.ulaplande.fi
www.ulaplaned.fi
www.ulaplanr.fi
www.ulaplandr.fi
www.ulaplanrd.fi
www.ulaplanf.fi
www.ulaplandf.fi
www.ulaplanfd.fi
www.ulaplanc.fi
www.ulaplandc.fi
www.ulaplancd.fi
ulapland.fi Ping
Ping is a networking utility tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It is a diagnostic that checks reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. In a computer network, a ping test is a way of sending messages from one host to another. Aside from checking if the host is connected to a network, ping also gives indicators of the reliability and general speed of the connection.
ulapland.fi TRACEROUTE
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an IP network from source to destination. Traceroute also records the time taken for each hop the packet makes during its route to the destination. Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets with variable time to live values. The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop.