unionalls.ru website information.
unionalls.ru domain name is registered by .RU top-level domain registry. See the other sites registred in .RU domain zone.
No name server records were found.
and probably website unionalls.ru is hosted by AUTOMATTIC - Automattic, Inc, US web hosting company. Check the complete list of other most popular websites hosted by AUTOMATTIC - Automattic, Inc, US hosting company.
According to Alexa traffic rank the highest website unionalls.ru position was 219702 (in the world). The lowest Alexa rank position was 994771. Now website unionalls.ru ranked in Alexa database as number 243873 (in the world).
Website unionalls.ru Desktop speed measurement score (62/100) is better than the results of 38.44% of other sites shows that the page desktop performance can be improved.
unionalls.ru Mobile usability score (60/100) is better than the results of 3.95% of other sites and shows that the page mobile usability is poor and can be improved.
Mobile speed measurement score of unionalls.ru (82/100) is better than the results of 89.15% of other sites and shows that the landing page performance on mobile devices is excellent.
Weekly Rank Report
Date | Rank | Change |
---|---|---|
Nov-26-2024 | 243,873 | 2,235 |
Nov-25-2024 | 246,108 | -8,627 |
Nov-24-2024 | 237,481 | -980 |
Nov-23-2024 | 236,501 | -3,836 |
Nov-22-2024 | 232,665 | 1,583 |
Nov-21-2024 | 234,248 | -3,213 |
Nov-20-2024 | 231,035 | -4,626 |
Advertisement
unionalls.ru Rank History
Alexa can identify the popularity of a website as well as its competitors. It is important for website owners and bloggers to know their Alexa ranking because it shows how many visitors have viewed their web page. It gives them a clear idea of how popular their website is on the internet and the ranking of their competitors.
unionalls.ru whois
WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information.
% By submitting a query to TCI's Whois Service
% you agree to abide by the following terms of use:
% https://www.tcinet.ru/documents/whois.pdf (in Russian)
domain: UNIONALLS.RU
nserver: ns1.beget.com.
nserver: ns2.beget.com.
state: REGISTERED, DELEGATED, VERIFIED
person: Private Person
registrar: ACTIVE-RU
admin-contact: https://active.domains/whoisfb/unionalls.ru
created: 2019-05-29T14:02:09Z
paid-till: 2022-05-29T14:02:09Z
free-date: 2022-06-29
source: TCI
Last updated on 2022-03-15T20:11:31Z
unionalls.ru server information
Servers Location
IP Address |
---|
Country |
---|
unionalls.ru desktop page speed rank
Last tested: 2016-01-09
unionalls.ru Desktop Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 25 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
http://unionalls.ru/extensions/SlimboxThumbs/slimbox/js/slimbox2.js (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/extensions/SlimboxThumbs/slimbox/slimboxthumbs.js (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/0/00/Bm-160_180_2…60_180_200_600x600.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/1/1b/%D0%9F%D0%BE…0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-2.png (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/2/2a/%D0%9A%D0%BE…%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/2/2c/Vetosh_mohra…110px-Vetosh_mohra.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/2/2d/Somz-55-trek…110px-Somz-55-trek.png (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/3/3e/Wpk320-21-no…66px-Wpk320-21-nob.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/4/4e/%D0%9A%D0%BE…%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/5/54/Asn-2000-1-c…110px-Asn-2000-1-c.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/5/56/%D0%91%D0%BE…OOL_%22RED_JAWS%22.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/6/65/DY12500LX.jpg/110px-DY12500LX.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/7/79/DY6500L.jpg/110px-DY6500L.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/8/83/Wikidata-log…ikidata-logo_white.png (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/9/98/%D0%9B%D0%B5…%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F.png (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/9/9b/%D0%9A%D0%BE…%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/a/ab/Strop_tsep_4…x-Strop_tsep_4vetv.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/a/ae/Valenki_rp.jpg/90px-Valenki_rp.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/b/b2/Kaska-SOMZ-5…ka-SOMZ-55-fovorit.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/b/bc/%D0%A1%D0%B0…%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA.png (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/c/c2/%D0%9A%D0%BE…%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%22.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/d/d4/%D0%9A%D0%BE…2%D0%BE%D1%80%22_2.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/d/d8/Telejka_gira…ejka_giravl_hands1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/d/db/%D0%A1%D0%B0…D0%B3%D0%B8_vektor.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/d/df/Electroduga.jpg/110px-Electroduga.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/d/df/Ip-2014_big.jpg/110px-Ip-2014_big.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/e/e4/Protivogaz_U…otivogaz_UZS-EKRAN.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/e/eb/%D0%96%D0%B8…0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB-1.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/f/fd/%D0%9A%D0%BE…%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/f/fe/YSHM-125-110…10px-YSHM-125-1100.jpg (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/skins/vector/images/124.png (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/skins/vector/logo2.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.unrealtech.ru/public/style_images/unrealtech/branding_bg.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.unrealtech.ru/public/style_images/unrealtech/primarynav_bg.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.unrealtech.ru/public/style_images/unrealtech/top.png (expiration not specified)
http://www.unrealtech.ru/wiki/images/1/19/Toxicman.gif (expiration not specified)
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Checker-16x16.png (expiration not specified)
http://unionalls.ru/load.php?debug=false&lang=ru&m…y=styles&skin=vector&* (5 minutes)
http://unionalls.ru/load.php?debug=false&lang=ru&m…=scripts&skin=vector&* (5 minutes)
http://unionalls.ru/load.php?debug=false&lang=ru&m…y=styles&skin=vector&* (5 minutes)
http://unionalls.ru/load.php?debug=false&lang=ru&m…=scripts&skin=vector&* (5 minutes)
http://an.yandex.ru/system/context.js (60 minutes)
https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/advert.gif (60 minutes)
https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/watch.js (60 minutes)
http://unionalls.ru/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Inte…&ctype=text/javascript (5 hours)
http://unionalls.ru/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Main…&ctype=text/javascript (5 hours)
http://unionalls.ru/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Osm.…&ctype=text/javascript (5 hours)
http://unionalls.ru/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Side…&ctype=text/javascript (5 hours)
http://unionalls.ru/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Wiki…&ctype=text/javascript (5 hours)
priority - 20 Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 197KiB (71% reduction).
Compressing http://unionalls.ru/load.php?debug=false&lang=ru&m…ion=20141013T231801Z&* could save 27.5KiB (73% reduction).
Compressing http://unionalls.ru/load.php?debug=false&lang=ru&m…ion=20141013T231758Z&* could save 18KiB (68% reduction).
Compressing http://unionalls.ru/load.php?debug=false&lang=ru&m…=scripts&skin=vector&* could save 12.9KiB (77% reduction).
Compressing http://an.yandex.ru/page/136257?target-ref=http%3A…back=Ya[1452311075910] could save 12.7KiB (74% reduction).
Compressing http://unionalls.ru/load.php?debug=false&lang=ru&m…ion=20141013T231800Z&* could save 8.3KiB (65% reduction).
Compressing http://unionalls.ru/load.php?debug=false&lang=ru&m…=scripts&skin=vector&* could save 3.9KiB (58% reduction).
priority - 16 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 3 blocking script resources and 3 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
http://unionalls.ru/load.php?debug=false&lang=ru&m…rsion=20140615T213643Z
http://unionalls.ru/load.php?debug=false&lang=ru&m…ion=20141013T231758Z&*
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
http://unionalls.ru/extensions/SlimboxThumbs/slimbox/css/slimbox2.css
http://unionalls.ru/load.php?debug=false&lang=ru&m…y=styles&skin=vector&*
priority - 2 Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 16.9KiB (16% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://www.unrealtech.ru/public/style_images/unrealtech/primarynav_bg.png could save 2.6KiB (91% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/7/79/DY6500L.jpg/110px-DY6500L.jpg could save 923B (12% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/e/e4/Protivogaz_U…otivogaz_UZS-EKRAN.jpg could save 886B (12% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/6/65/DY12500LX.jpg/110px-DY12500LX.jpg could save 784B (12% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/0/00/Bm-160_180_2…60_180_200_600x600.jpg could save 782B (12% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/d/d4/%D0%9A%D0%BE…2%D0%BE%D1%80%22_2.jpg could save 669B (10% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/e/eb/%D0%96%D0%B8…0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB-1.jpg could save 638B (10% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/a/ab/Strop_tsep_4…x-Strop_tsep_4vetv.jpg could save 627B (11% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/5/56/%D0%91%D0%BE…OOL_%22RED_JAWS%22.jpg could save 622B (18% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/2/2a/%D0%9A%D0%BE…%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0.jpg could save 600B (13% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/f/fe/YSHM-125-110…10px-YSHM-125-1100.jpg could save 573B (12% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/c/c2/%D0%9A%D0%BE…%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%22.jpg could save 567B (13% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/d/db/%D0%A1%D0%B0…D0%B3%D0%B8_vektor.jpg could save 565B (12% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/9/9b/%D0%9A%D0%BE…%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE.jpg could save 563B (13% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/2/2c/Vetosh_mohra…110px-Vetosh_mohra.jpg could save 562B (10% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/d/d8/Telejka_gira…ejka_giravl_hands1.jpg could save 560B (15% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/4/4e/%D0%9A%D0%BE…%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg could save 530B (15% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/a/ae/Valenki_rp.jpg/90px-Valenki_rp.jpg could save 527B (10% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/5/54/Asn-2000-1-c…110px-Asn-2000-1-c.jpg could save 522B (10% reduction).
Losslessly compressing http://unionalls.ru/images/thumb/d/df/Ip-2014_big.jpg/110px-Ip-2014_big.jpg could save 518B (16% reduction).
priority - 2 Reduce server response time
In our test, your server responded in 0.38 seconds. There are many factors that can slow down your server response time. Please read our recommendations to learn how you can monitor and measure where your server is spending the most time.
priority - 0 Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.9KiB (20% reduction).
priority - 0 Minify HTML
Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.2KiB (8% reduction).
unionalls.ru Desktop Resources
Total Resources | 74 |
Number of Hosts | 9 |
Static Resources | 60 |
JavaScript Resources | 21 |
CSS Resources | 3 |
unionalls.ru Desktop Resource Breakdown
unionalls.ru mobile page speed rank
Last tested: 2019-11-07
unionalls.ru Mobile Speed Test Quick Summary
priority - 16 Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 2 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
http://unionalls.ru/load.php?debug=false&lang=ru&m…nly=styles&skin=vector
priority - 3 Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js (5 minutes)
https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/advert.gif (60 minutes)
https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/watch.js (60 minutes)
priority - 1 Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 6.1KiB (12% reduction).
unionalls.ru Mobile Resources
Total Resources | 28 |
Number of Hosts | 10 |
Static Resources | 17 |
JavaScript Resources | 12 |
CSS Resources | 2 |
unionalls.ru Mobile Resource Breakdown
unionalls.ru mobile page usability
Last tested: 2019-11-07
unionalls.ru Mobile Usability Test Quick Summary
priority - 37 Use legible font sizes
The following text on your page renders in a way that may be difficult for some of your visitors to read. Use legible font sizes to provide a better user experience.
The following text fragments have a small font size. Increase the font size to make them more legible.
— уникальная э…арактеристиках
and 7 others render only 5 pixels tall (14 CSS pixels).средств индивидуальной защиты
and 5 others render only 5 pixels tall (14 CSS pixels).нормам выдачи спецодежды
and 1 others render only 5 pixels tall (14 CSS pixels).РЕКЛАМНАЯ СТАТЬЯ: Купить
and 1 others render only 5 pixels tall (14 CSS pixels).Купить спецоде…www.spec-el.ru
renders only 5 pixels tall (14 CSS pixels).Защита от падения с высоты
and 8 others render only 5 pixels tall (14 CSS pixels).Маски для сварщиков
and 36 others render only 5 pixels tall (12 CSS pixels).·
and 21 others render only 5 pixels tall (12 CSS pixels).·
and 8 others render only 5 pixels tall (12 CSS pixels).Лазерная гравировка
and 3 others render only 5 pixels tall (12 CSS pixels).Грузоподъёмные приспособления
and 7 others render only 5 pixels tall (12 CSS pixels).Хозяйственные принадлежности
and 3 others render only 5 pixels tall (12 CSS pixels).Холстопрошивное полотно
and 30 others render only 4 pixels tall (10 CSS pixels).·
and 32 others render only 4 pixels tall (10 CSS pixels).огнетушители углекислотные
and 12 others render only 4 pixels tall (10 CSS pixels).·
and 1 others render only 4 pixels tall (10 CSS pixels).Нереальная энциклопедия
and 3 others render only 5 pixels tall (14 CSS pixels).Энциклопедия х…а и автомаляра
and 3 others render only 5 pixels tall (12 CSS pixels).4
and 1 others render only 5 pixels tall (12 CSS pixels).Получить серти…ат по русскому
and 24 others render only 5 pixels tall (12 CSS pixels).Читать
renders only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).Просмотр
and 1 others render only 5 pixels tall (13 CSS pixels).Для иностранцев
and 4 others render only 5 pixels tall (12 CSS pixels).Последнее изме…сентября 2017.
renders only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).Политика конфиденциальности
and 2 others render only 4 pixels tall (11 CSS pixels).priority - 23 Size tap targets appropriately
Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.
The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.
<a href="/%D0%A1%D1%80%…B8%D1%82%D1%8B">средств индивидуальной защиты</a>
and 4 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="/index.php?tit…edit&redlink=1" class="new">нормам выдачи спецодежды</a>
and 2 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="/%D0%A1%D0%BF%…B6%D0%B4%D0%B0">Спецодежда</a>
and 9 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="/%D0%97%D0%B8%…B6%D0%B4%D0%B0">зимняя</a>
and 41 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="/index.php?tit…edit&redlink=1" class="new">Крема и пасты</a>
and 3 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="/%D0%9C%D0%B5%…82%D0%B2%D0%B0">Медицинские средства</a>
and 9 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="/index.php?tit…edit&redlink=1" class="new">Хозяйственные принадлежности</a>
and 4 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="/%D0%92%D0%B5%…BE%D1%88%D1%8C">Ветошь</a>
and 32 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="/index.php?tit…edit&redlink=1" class="new">канализация</a>
and 13 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="https://www.fa…_source=share2" class="ya-share2__link">0Facebook</a>
and 1 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="/index.php?tit…6%25D0%25B0%3D">Войти</a>
and 25 others are close to other tap targets.<a href="/%D0%93%D0%BB%…BD%D0%B0%D1%8F">Читать</a>
is close to 1 other tap targets.<a href="/index.php?tit…8F&action=edit">Просмотр</a>
and 1 others are close to other tap targets.<input id="mw-searchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" class="searchButton m…ckSearchButton">
is close to 1 other tap targets.<input id="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" class="searchButton">
is close to 1 other tap targets.priority - 10 Configure the viewport
Your page does not have a viewport specified. This causes mobile devices to render your page as it would appear on a desktop browser, scaling it down to fit on a mobile screen. Configure a viewport to allow your page to render properly on all devices.
Configure a viewport for this page.
unionalls.ru similar domains
www.unionalls.net
www.unionalls.org
www.unionalls.info
www.unionalls.biz
www.unionalls.us
www.unionalls.mobi
www.nionalls.ru
www.unionalls.ru
www.ynionalls.ru
www.uynionalls.ru
www.yunionalls.ru
www.hnionalls.ru
www.uhnionalls.ru
www.hunionalls.ru
www.jnionalls.ru
www.ujnionalls.ru
www.junionalls.ru
www.inionalls.ru
www.uinionalls.ru
www.iunionalls.ru
www.uionalls.ru
www.ubionalls.ru
www.unbionalls.ru
www.ubnionalls.ru
www.uhionalls.ru
www.unhionalls.ru
www.ujionalls.ru
www.unjionalls.ru
www.umionalls.ru
www.unmionalls.ru
www.umnionalls.ru
www.unonalls.ru
www.unuonalls.ru
www.uniuonalls.ru
www.unuionalls.ru
www.unjonalls.ru
www.unijonalls.ru
www.unkonalls.ru
www.unikonalls.ru
www.unkionalls.ru
www.unoonalls.ru
www.unioonalls.ru
www.unoionalls.ru
www.uninalls.ru
www.uniinalls.ru
www.unioinalls.ru
www.uniionalls.ru
www.uniknalls.ru
www.unioknalls.ru
www.unilnalls.ru
www.uniolnalls.ru
www.unilonalls.ru
www.unipnalls.ru
www.uniopnalls.ru
www.uniponalls.ru
www.unioalls.ru
www.unioballs.ru
www.unionballs.ru
www.uniobnalls.ru
www.uniohalls.ru
www.unionhalls.ru
www.uniohnalls.ru
www.uniojalls.ru
www.unionjalls.ru
www.uniojnalls.ru
www.uniomalls.ru
www.unionmalls.ru
www.uniomnalls.ru
www.unionlls.ru
www.unionqlls.ru
www.unionaqlls.ru
www.unionqalls.ru
www.unionwlls.ru
www.unionawlls.ru
www.unionwalls.ru
www.unionslls.ru
www.unionaslls.ru
www.unionsalls.ru
www.unionzlls.ru
www.unionazlls.ru
www.unionzalls.ru
www.unionals.ru
www.unionapls.ru
www.unionalpls.ru
www.unionaplls.ru
www.unionaols.ru
www.unionalols.ru
www.unionaolls.ru
www.unionakls.ru
www.unionalkls.ru
www.unionaklls.ru
www.unionalps.ru
www.unionallps.ru
www.unionalos.ru
www.unionallos.ru
www.unionalks.ru
www.unionallks.ru
www.unionall.ru
www.unionallw.ru
www.unionallsw.ru
www.unionallws.ru
www.unionalle.ru
www.unionallse.ru
www.unionalles.ru
www.unionalld.ru
www.unionallsd.ru
www.unionallds.ru
www.unionallz.ru
www.unionallsz.ru
www.unionallzs.ru
www.unionallx.ru
www.unionallsx.ru
www.unionallxs.ru
www.unionalla.ru
www.unionallsa.ru
www.unionallas.ru
unionalls.ru Ping
Ping is a networking utility tool to test if a particular host is reachable. It is a diagnostic that checks reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. In a computer network, a ping test is a way of sending messages from one host to another. Aside from checking if the host is connected to a network, ping also gives indicators of the reliability and general speed of the connection.
unionalls.ru TRACEROUTE
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an IP network from source to destination. Traceroute also records the time taken for each hop the packet makes during its route to the destination. Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets with variable time to live values. The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop.